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Title: Assessment of thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steels 2003 and 2205 for nuclear power applications

Abstract

Here, duplex stainless steels are desirable for use in power generation systems because of their attractive combination of strength, corrosion resistance and cost. However, thermal embrittlement at intermediate homologous temperatures of ~475 °C and below, limits upper service temperatures for many applications. New lean grade duplex alloys have improved thermal stability over standard grades and potentially increase the upper service temperature or the lifetime at a given temperature for this class of material. The present work compares the thermal stability of lean grade, alloy 2003, to standard grade, alloy 2205, through a series of isothermal agings between 260 °C and 482 °C for times between 1 and 10,000 h. Aged samples were characterized by changes in microhardness and impact toughness. Additionally, atom probe tomography was performed to illustrate the evolution of the alpha-alpha' phase separation in both alloys at select conditions. Atom probe tomography confirmed that phase separation occurs via spinodal decomposition for both alloys, and identified the presence of Ni-Cu-Si-Mn-P clusters in alloy 2205, which may contribute to the embrittlement of this alloy. The impact toughness model predictions for the upper service temperature show that alloy 2003 may be viable for use in 288 degrees C applications for 80-yearmore » service lifetimes based on a Charpy V-notch criteria of 47 J at room temperature. In comparison, alloy 2205 should be limited to 260 °C applications for the same room temperature toughness of 47 J.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR (United States)
  2. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  3. Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Niskayuna, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1335313
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1185391; OSTI ID: 1250970
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Acta Materialia
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 87; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 1359-6454
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; duplex stainless steels; 475 degrees C embrittlement; Spinodal decomposition; atom probe tomography

Citation Formats

Tucker, Julie D., Miller, Matthew K., and Young, G. A. Assessment of thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steels 2003 and 2205 for nuclear power applications. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.012.
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Tucker, Julie D., Miller, Matthew K., & Young, G. A. Assessment of thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steels 2003 and 2205 for nuclear power applications. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.012
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Tucker, Julie D., Miller, Matthew K., and Young, G. A. Thu . "Assessment of thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steels 2003 and 2205 for nuclear power applications". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.012. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1335313.
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@article{osti_1335313,
title = {Assessment of thermal embrittlement in duplex stainless steels 2003 and 2205 for nuclear power applications},
author = {Tucker, Julie D. and Miller, Matthew K. and Young, G. A.},
abstractNote = {Here, duplex stainless steels are desirable for use in power generation systems because of their attractive combination of strength, corrosion resistance and cost. However, thermal embrittlement at intermediate homologous temperatures of ~475 °C and below, limits upper service temperatures for many applications. New lean grade duplex alloys have improved thermal stability over standard grades and potentially increase the upper service temperature or the lifetime at a given temperature for this class of material. The present work compares the thermal stability of lean grade, alloy 2003, to standard grade, alloy 2205, through a series of isothermal agings between 260 °C and 482 °C for times between 1 and 10,000 h. Aged samples were characterized by changes in microhardness and impact toughness. Additionally, atom probe tomography was performed to illustrate the evolution of the alpha-alpha' phase separation in both alloys at select conditions. Atom probe tomography confirmed that phase separation occurs via spinodal decomposition for both alloys, and identified the presence of Ni-Cu-Si-Mn-P clusters in alloy 2205, which may contribute to the embrittlement of this alloy. The impact toughness model predictions for the upper service temperature show that alloy 2003 may be viable for use in 288 degrees C applications for 80-year service lifetimes based on a Charpy V-notch criteria of 47 J at room temperature. In comparison, alloy 2205 should be limited to 260 °C applications for the same room temperature toughness of 47 J.},
doi = {10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.012},
journal = {Acta Materialia},
number = C,
volume = 87,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Thu Jan 22 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.012
Copyright Statement
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 92 works
Citation information provided by
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Figures / Tables:

Table 1 Table 1: Duplex Stainless Steel Alloy Compositions (wt. %)
All figures and tables (20 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

An explanation to the anomalous avrami exponent
journal, April 1996

Thermal Embrittlement of a Lean Grade of Duplex Stainless Steel: Alloy 2003
journal, June 2011

Review of Atom Probe FIB-Based Specimen Preparation Methods
journal, November 2007

  • Miller, Michael K.; Russell, Kaye F.; Thompson, Keith
  • Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 13, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1017/S1431927607070845

Atom Probe Studies of the Fe–Cr System and Stainless Steels Aged at Intermediate Temperature
journal, January 2000

Measurement of the amplitude of a spinodal
journal, April 1991

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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Table 1 (p. 2)table
      Table 2 (p. 3)table
      Table 3 (p. 3)table
      Figure 1 (p. 6)figure
      Figure 2 (p. 7)figure
      Figure 3 (p. 7)figure
      Figure 4 (p. 8)figure
      Table 4 (p. 8)table
      Figure 5 (p. 9)figure
      Table 5 (p. 9)table
      Figure 6 (p. 10)figure
      Table 6 (p. 10)table
      Figure 7 (p. 11)figure
      Figure 8 (p. 11)figure
      Table 7 (p. 12)table
      Table 8 (p. 12)table
      Figure 10 (p. 13)figure
      Figure 9 (p. 13)figure
      Figure 11 (p. 14)figure
      Table 9 (p. 15)table
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