Multi-level effects of low dose rate ionizing radiation on southern toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris
Abstract
Despite their potential vulnerability to contaminants from exposure at multiple life stages, amphibians are one of the least studied groups of vertebrates in ecotoxicology, and research on radiation effects in amphibians is scarce. We used multiple endpoints to assess the radiosensitivity of the southern toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris) during its pre-terrestrial stages of development –embryonic, larval, and metamorphic. Toads were exposed, from several hours after oviposition through metamorphosis (up to 77 days later), to four low dose rates of ¹³⁷Cs at 0.13, 2.4, 21, and 222 mGy d⁻¹, resulting in total doses up to 15.8 Gy. Radiation treatments did not affect hatching success of embryos, larval survival, or the length of the larval period. The individual family variation in hatching success of embryos was larger than the radiation response. In contrast, newly metamorphosed individuals from the higher dose-rate treatments had higher mass and mass/length body indices, a measure which may relate to higher post-metamorphic survival. The increased mass and index at higher dose rates may indicate that the chronic, low dose rate radiation exposures triggered secondary responses. Additionally, the increases in growth were linked to a decrease in DNA damage (as measured by the Comet Assay) in red blood cellsmore »
- Authors:
-
- Stockholm Univ. (Sweden); Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States)
- Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States)
- Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States); Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (United States)
- Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States); Inst. of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Cadarache (France)
- ENEA, (Italy)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1184848
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FC09-07SR22506
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- PLoS ONE
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
Citation Formats
Stark, Karolina, Scott, David E., Tsyusko, Olga, Coughlin, Daniel P., Hinton, Thomas G., and Amendola, Roberto. Multi-level effects of low dose rate ionizing radiation on southern toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125327.
Stark, Karolina, Scott, David E., Tsyusko, Olga, Coughlin, Daniel P., Hinton, Thomas G., & Amendola, Roberto. Multi-level effects of low dose rate ionizing radiation on southern toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125327
Stark, Karolina, Scott, David E., Tsyusko, Olga, Coughlin, Daniel P., Hinton, Thomas G., and Amendola, Roberto. Thu .
"Multi-level effects of low dose rate ionizing radiation on southern toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125327. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1184848.
@article{osti_1184848,
title = {Multi-level effects of low dose rate ionizing radiation on southern toad, Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris},
author = {Stark, Karolina and Scott, David E. and Tsyusko, Olga and Coughlin, Daniel P. and Hinton, Thomas G. and Amendola, Roberto},
abstractNote = {Despite their potential vulnerability to contaminants from exposure at multiple life stages, amphibians are one of the least studied groups of vertebrates in ecotoxicology, and research on radiation effects in amphibians is scarce. We used multiple endpoints to assess the radiosensitivity of the southern toad (Anaxyrus [Bufo] terrestris) during its pre-terrestrial stages of development –embryonic, larval, and metamorphic. Toads were exposed, from several hours after oviposition through metamorphosis (up to 77 days later), to four low dose rates of ¹³⁷Cs at 0.13, 2.4, 21, and 222 mGy d⁻¹, resulting in total doses up to 15.8 Gy. Radiation treatments did not affect hatching success of embryos, larval survival, or the length of the larval period. The individual family variation in hatching success of embryos was larger than the radiation response. In contrast, newly metamorphosed individuals from the higher dose-rate treatments had higher mass and mass/length body indices, a measure which may relate to higher post-metamorphic survival. The increased mass and index at higher dose rates may indicate that the chronic, low dose rate radiation exposures triggered secondary responses. Additionally, the increases in growth were linked to a decrease in DNA damage (as measured by the Comet Assay) in red blood cells at a dose rate of 21mGy d⁻¹ and a total dose of 1.1 Gy. In conclusion, the complex effects of low dose rates of ionizing radiation may trigger growth and cellular repair mechanisms in amphibian larvae.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0125327},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 4,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Apr 30 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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