DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies

Abstract

Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This study focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K2CsSb. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K2CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ; ; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
Contributing Org.:
ATLAS Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1184027
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1212304; OSTI ID: 1223273; OSTI ID: 1421179
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-98CH10886; FG02-08ER41547; KC-04-01-010; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
APL Materials
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: APL Materials Journal Volume: 2 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 2166-532X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; cathodes; photocathodes; antimony; crystal structure; X-ray diffraction

Citation Formats

Ruiz-Osés, M., Schubert, S., Attenkofer, K., Ben-Zvi, I., Liang, X., Muller, E., Padmore, H., Rao, T., Vecchione, T., Wong, J., Xie, J., and Smedley, J. Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies. United States: N. p., 2014. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4902544.
Ruiz-Osés, M., Schubert, S., Attenkofer, K., Ben-Zvi, I., Liang, X., Muller, E., Padmore, H., Rao, T., Vecchione, T., Wong, J., Xie, J., & Smedley, J. Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902544
Ruiz-Osés, M., Schubert, S., Attenkofer, K., Ben-Zvi, I., Liang, X., Muller, E., Padmore, H., Rao, T., Vecchione, T., Wong, J., Xie, J., and Smedley, J. Mon . "Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902544.
@article{osti_1184027,
title = {Direct observation of bi-alkali antimonide photocathodes growth via in operando x-ray diffraction studies},
author = {Ruiz-Osés, M. and Schubert, S. and Attenkofer, K. and Ben-Zvi, I. and Liang, X. and Muller, E. and Padmore, H. and Rao, T. and Vecchione, T. and Wong, J. and Xie, J. and Smedley, J.},
abstractNote = {Alkali antimonides have a long history as visible-light-sensitive photocathodes. This study focuses on the process of fabrication of the bi-alkali photocathodes, K2CsSb. In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and photoresponse measurements were used to monitor phase evolution during sequential photocathode growth mode on Si(100) substrates. The amorphous-to-crystalline transition for the initial antimony layer was observed at a film thickness of 40 Å . The antimony crystalline structure dissolved upon potassium deposition, eventually recrystallizing upon further deposition into K-Sb crystalline modifications. This transition, as well as the conversion of potassium antimonide to K2CsSb upon cesium deposition, is correlated with changes in the quantum efficiency.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4902544},
journal = {APL Materials},
number = 12,
volume = 2,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2014},
month = {Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2014}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902544

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 30 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Photocathodes for the energy recovery linacs
journal, February 2006

  • Rao, T.; Burrill, A.; Chang, X. Y.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 557, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2005.10.112

Cathode R&D for future light sources
journal, October 2010

  • Dowell, D. H.; Bazarov, I.; Dunham, B.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 622, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.03.104

Charge lifetime measurements at high average current using a K 2 CsSb photocathode inside a dc high voltage photogun
journal, March 2013

  • Mammei, R. R.; Suleiman, R.; Feingold, J.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 16, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.16.033401

Photocathodes for free electron lasers
journal, April 1995

  • Kong, S. H.; Kinross-Wright, J.; Nguyen, D. C.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 358, Issue 1-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(94)01425-6

A low emittance and high efficiency visible light photocathode for high brightness accelerator-based X-ray light sources
journal, July 2011

  • Vecchione, T.; Ben-Zvi, I.; Dowell, D. H.
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3612916

Thermal emittance and response time of a cesium antimonide photocathode
journal, October 2011

  • Cultrera, Luca; Bazarov, Ivan; Bartnik, Adam
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3652758

Photocathode behavior during high current running in the Cornell energy recovery linac photoinjector
journal, December 2011

  • Cultrera, Luca; Maxson, Jared; Bazarov, Ivan
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 14, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.14.120101

Characteristics of Evaporated Antimony Films as a Function of the Antimony Source
journal, June 1966


Properties and Preparation of Thin Antimony Films of High Uniformity
journal, September 1962

  • Condas, George A.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 33, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1718047

Scanning electron diffraction studies on alkali antimonide photocathodes, including the S20
journal, January 1975

  • Dowman, A. A.; Jones, T. H.; Beck, A. H.
  • Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/8/1/015

Results from the average power laser experiment photocathode injector test
journal, March 1995

  • Dowell, D. H.; Bethel, S. Z.; Friddell, K. D.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 356, Issue 2-3
  • DOI: 10.1016/0168-9002(94)01327-6