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Title: Evidence that formulations of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, which bypass first-pass metabolism, also inhibit MAO-A in the human brain

Abstract

Selegiline (L-deprenyl) is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) at the conventional dose (10 mg/day oral) that is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, controlled studies have demonstrated antidepressant activity for high doses of oral selegiline and for transdermal selegiline suggesting that when plasma levels of selegiline are elevated, brain MAO-A might also be inhibited. Zydis selegiline (Zelapar®) is an orally disintegrating formulation of selegiline, which is absorbed through the buccal mucosa producing higher plasma levels of selegiline and reduced amphetamine metabolites compared to equal doses of conventional selegiline. Although there is indirect evidence that Zydis selegiline at high doses loses its selectivity for MAO-B, there is no direct evidence that it also inhibits brain MAO-A in humans. We measured brain MAO-A in 18 healthy men after a 28-day treatment with Zydis selegiline (2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/day) and in 3 subjects receiving the selegiline transdermal system (Emsam patch, 6 mg/day) using PET and the MAO-A radiotracer [¹¹C]clorgyline. We also measured dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in three subjects from the 10 mg group. The 10 mg Zydis selegiline dose significantly inhibited MAO-A (36.9 ± 19.7%, range 11–70%, p<0.007)) but not DAT; and while Emsam alsomore » inhibited MAO-A (33.2 ± 28.9 (range 9-68%) the difference did not reach significance (p=0.10)) presumably because of the small sample size. Our results provide the first direct evidence of brain MAO-A inhibition in humans by formulations of selegiline, which are currently postulated but not verified to target brain MAO-A in addition to MAO-B.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [4];  [4];  [1];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [6];  [4];  [1];  [1];  [4]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
  2. New York Univ., NY (United States)
  3. National Inst. on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD (United States); National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD (United States)
  4. National Inst. on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD (United States)
  5. Targeted Medical Pharma Inc., Los Angeles, CA (United States)
  6. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1183284
Report Number(s):
BNL-107759-2015-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 0893-133X; R&D Project: MO-085; KP1602010
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC00112704
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Neuropsychopharmacology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 40; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0893-133X
Publisher:
Nature
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY; brain MAO-A; MAO inhibitors; PET; selegiline; Zydis selegiline; Emsam; selegiline transdermal system; buccal mucosa absorption; positron emission tomography (PET) facility

Citation Formats

Fowler, Joanna S., Logan, Jean, Volkow, Nora D., Shumay, Elena, McCall-Perez, Fred, Gilmor, Michelle, Jayne, Millard, Wang, Gene-Jack, Alexoff, David L., Apelskog-Torres, Karen, Hubbard, Barbara, Carter, Pauline, King, Payton, Fahn, Stanley, Telang, Frank, Shea, Colleen, Xu, Youwen, and Muench, Lisa. Evidence that formulations of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, which bypass first-pass metabolism, also inhibit MAO-A in the human brain. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.214.
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Fowler, Joanna S., Logan, Jean, Volkow, Nora D., Shumay, Elena, McCall-Perez, Fred, Gilmor, Michelle, Jayne, Millard, Wang, Gene-Jack, Alexoff, David L., Apelskog-Torres, Karen, Hubbard, Barbara, Carter, Pauline, King, Payton, Fahn, Stanley, Telang, Frank, Shea, Colleen, Xu, Youwen, & Muench, Lisa. Evidence that formulations of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, which bypass first-pass metabolism, also inhibit MAO-A in the human brain. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.214
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Fowler, Joanna S., Logan, Jean, Volkow, Nora D., Shumay, Elena, McCall-Perez, Fred, Gilmor, Michelle, Jayne, Millard, Wang, Gene-Jack, Alexoff, David L., Apelskog-Torres, Karen, Hubbard, Barbara, Carter, Pauline, King, Payton, Fahn, Stanley, Telang, Frank, Shea, Colleen, Xu, Youwen, and Muench, Lisa. Thu . "Evidence that formulations of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, which bypass first-pass metabolism, also inhibit MAO-A in the human brain". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.214. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1183284.
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@article{osti_1183284,
title = {Evidence that formulations of the selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, which bypass first-pass metabolism, also inhibit MAO-A in the human brain},
author = {Fowler, Joanna S. and Logan, Jean and Volkow, Nora D. and Shumay, Elena and McCall-Perez, Fred and Gilmor, Michelle and Jayne, Millard and Wang, Gene-Jack and Alexoff, David L. and Apelskog-Torres, Karen and Hubbard, Barbara and Carter, Pauline and King, Payton and Fahn, Stanley and Telang, Frank and Shea, Colleen and Xu, Youwen and Muench, Lisa},
abstractNote = {Selegiline (L-deprenyl) is a selective, irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) at the conventional dose (10 mg/day oral) that is used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. However, controlled studies have demonstrated antidepressant activity for high doses of oral selegiline and for transdermal selegiline suggesting that when plasma levels of selegiline are elevated, brain MAO-A might also be inhibited. Zydis selegiline (Zelapar®) is an orally disintegrating formulation of selegiline, which is absorbed through the buccal mucosa producing higher plasma levels of selegiline and reduced amphetamine metabolites compared to equal doses of conventional selegiline. Although there is indirect evidence that Zydis selegiline at high doses loses its selectivity for MAO-B, there is no direct evidence that it also inhibits brain MAO-A in humans. We measured brain MAO-A in 18 healthy men after a 28-day treatment with Zydis selegiline (2.5, 5.0, or 10 mg/day) and in 3 subjects receiving the selegiline transdermal system (Emsam patch, 6 mg/day) using PET and the MAO-A radiotracer [¹¹C]clorgyline. We also measured dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in three subjects from the 10 mg group. The 10 mg Zydis selegiline dose significantly inhibited MAO-A (36.9 ± 19.7%, range 11–70%, p<0.007)) but not DAT; and while Emsam also inhibited MAO-A (33.2 ± 28.9 (range 9-68%) the difference did not reach significance (p=0.10)) presumably because of the small sample size. Our results provide the first direct evidence of brain MAO-A inhibition in humans by formulations of selegiline, which are currently postulated but not verified to target brain MAO-A in addition to MAO-B.},
doi = {10.1038/npp.2014.214},
journal = {Neuropsychopharmacology},
number = 3,
volume = 40,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Oct 29 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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    N-Acetylcysteine Prevents the Increase in Spontaneous Oxidation of Dopamine During Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition in PC12 Cells
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    • Neurochemical Research, Vol. 42, Issue 11
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    Comparison of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Decreasing Production of the Autotoxic Dopamine Metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde in PC12 Cells
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    • Goldstein, D. S.; Jinsmaa, Y.; Sullivan, P.
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    journal, May 2019

    • Choi, Ji Yeon; Yun, Jaesuk; Hwang, Chul Ju
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    Close Correlation of Monoamine Oxidase Activity with Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease in Mice, Observed by in Vivo Two-Photon Imaging
    journal, December 2016

    Monoamine Oxidases (MAOs) as Privileged Molecular Targets in Neuroscience: Research Literature Analysis
    journal, May 2019

    • Yeung, Andy Wai Kan; Georgieva, Maya G.; Atanasov, Atanas G.
    • Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Vol. 12
    • DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00143

    A Proteotranscriptomic-Based Computational Drug-Repositioning Method for Alzheimer’s Disease
    journal, January 2020

    (E)-2-methoxy-4-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl) prop-1-en-1-yl) Phenol Ameliorates MPTP-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration by Inhibiting the STAT3 Pathway
    journal, May 2019

    • Choi, Ji Yeon; Yun, Jaesuk; Hwang, Chul Ju
    • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 11
    • DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112632
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