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Title: Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility laser

Abstract

By increasing the velocity in “high foot” implosions [Dittrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055002 (2014); Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055001 (2014); Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014); Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056314 (2014)] on the National Ignition Facility laser, we have nearly doubled the neutron yield and the hotspot pressure as compared to the implosions reported upon last year. The implosion velocity has been increased using a combination of the laser (higher power and energy), the hohlraum (depleted uranium wall material with higher opacity and lower specific heat than gold hohlraums), and the capsule (thinner capsules with less mass). We find that the neutron yield from these experiments scales systematically with a velocity-like parameter of the square root of the laser energy divided by the ablator mass. By connecting this parameter with the inferred implosion velocity (v), we find that for shots with primary yield >1e15 neutrons, the total yield ~ v⁹˙⁴. This increase is considerably faster than the expected dependence for implosions without alpha heating ( ~v⁵˙⁹) and is additional evidence that these experiments have significant alpha heating.

Authors:
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+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)
  4. General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
  5. MIT (Massachusetts Inst. of Technology), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
OSTI Identifier:
1810643
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1183037; OSTI ID: 1228247
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-665608
Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X; 786988; TRN: US2213064
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; NA0001857
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Physics of Plasmas
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 22; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
Publisher:
American Institute of Physics (AIP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; Plasma confinement; Optical properties; Thermal instruments; Thermodynamic properties; Alpha particles; Hydrodynamics; Natural disasters; Chemical elements; Fluid instabilities; Neutron emission

Citation Formats

Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Döppner, T., Ma, T., Park, H. -S., Barrios Garcia, M. A., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Cerjan, C. J., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Haan, S. W., Hamza, A. V., Kline, J. L., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Landen, O. L., LePape, S., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J. L., Nikroo, A., Pak, A. E., Patel, P. K., Rygg, J. R., Ralph, J. E., Salmonson, J. D., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Tommasini, R., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R. M., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Caggiano, J. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D. N., Frenje, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Grim, G. P., Hatarik, R., Merrill, F. E., Nagel, S. R., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Town, R. J., Sayre, D. B., Volegov, P., and Wilde, C. H. Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility laser. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.1063/1.4921144.
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Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Döppner, T., Ma, T., Park, H. -S., Barrios Garcia, M. A., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Cerjan, C. J., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Haan, S. W., Hamza, A. V., Kline, J. L., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Landen, O. L., LePape, S., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J. L., Nikroo, A., Pak, A. E., Patel, P. K., Rygg, J. R., Ralph, J. E., Salmonson, J. D., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Tommasini, R., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R. M., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Caggiano, J. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D. N., Frenje, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Grim, G. P., Hatarik, R., Merrill, F. E., Nagel, S. R., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Town, R. J., Sayre, D. B., Volegov, P., & Wilde, C. H. Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility laser. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921144
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Callahan, D. A., Hurricane, O. A., Hinkel, D. E., Döppner, T., Ma, T., Park, H. -S., Barrios Garcia, M. A., Berzak Hopkins, L. F., Casey, D. T., Cerjan, C. J., Dewald, E. L., Dittrich, T. R., Edwards, M. J., Haan, S. W., Hamza, A. V., Kline, J. L., Knauer, J. P., Kritcher, A. L., Landen, O. L., LePape, S., MacPhee, A. G., Milovich, J. L., Nikroo, A., Pak, A. E., Patel, P. K., Rygg, J. R., Ralph, J. E., Salmonson, J. D., Spears, B. K., Springer, P. T., Tommasini, R., Benedetti, L. R., Bionta, R. M., Bond, E. J., Bradley, D. K., Caggiano, J. A., Field, J. E., Fittinghoff, D. N., Frenje, J., Johnson, M. Gatu, Grim, G. P., Hatarik, R., Merrill, F. E., Nagel, S. R., Izumi, N., Khan, S. F., Town, R. J., Sayre, D. B., Volegov, P., and Wilde, C. H. Fri . "Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility laser". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921144. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1810643.
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@article{osti_1810643,
title = {Higher velocity, high-foot implosions on the National Ignition Facility laser},
author = {Callahan, D. A. and Hurricane, O. A. and Hinkel, D. E. and Döppner, T. and Ma, T. and Park, H. -S. and Barrios Garcia, M. A. and Berzak Hopkins, L. F. and Casey, D. T. and Cerjan, C. J. and Dewald, E. L. and Dittrich, T. R. and Edwards, M. J. and Haan, S. W. and Hamza, A. V. and Kline, J. L. and Knauer, J. P. and Kritcher, A. L. and Landen, O. L. and LePape, S. and MacPhee, A. G. and Milovich, J. L. and Nikroo, A. and Pak, A. E. and Patel, P. K. and Rygg, J. R. and Ralph, J. E. and Salmonson, J. D. and Spears, B. K. and Springer, P. T. and Tommasini, R. and Benedetti, L. R. and Bionta, R. M. and Bond, E. J. and Bradley, D. K. and Caggiano, J. A. and Field, J. E. and Fittinghoff, D. N. and Frenje, J. and Johnson, M. Gatu and Grim, G. P. and Hatarik, R. and Merrill, F. E. and Nagel, S. R. and Izumi, N. and Khan, S. F. and Town, R. J. and Sayre, D. B. and Volegov, P. and Wilde, C. H.},
abstractNote = {By increasing the velocity in “high foot” implosions [Dittrich et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055002 (2014); Park et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 055001 (2014); Hurricane et al., Nature 506, 343 (2014); Hurricane et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056314 (2014)] on the National Ignition Facility laser, we have nearly doubled the neutron yield and the hotspot pressure as compared to the implosions reported upon last year. The implosion velocity has been increased using a combination of the laser (higher power and energy), the hohlraum (depleted uranium wall material with higher opacity and lower specific heat than gold hohlraums), and the capsule (thinner capsules with less mass). We find that the neutron yield from these experiments scales systematically with a velocity-like parameter of the square root of the laser energy divided by the ablator mass. By connecting this parameter with the inferred implosion velocity (v), we find that for shots with primary yield >1e15 neutrons, the total yield ~ v⁹˙⁴. This increase is considerably faster than the expected dependence for implosions without alpha heating ( ~v⁵˙⁹) and is additional evidence that these experiments have significant alpha heating.},
doi = {10.1063/1.4921144},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 5,
volume = 22,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Fri May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4921144
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Works referenced in this record:

Fuel gain exceeding unity in an inertially confined fusion implosion
journal, February 2014

  • Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
  • Nature, Vol. 506, Issue 7488
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature13008

Onset of Hydrodynamic Mix in High-Velocity, Highly Compressed Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions
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Integrated diagnostic analysis of inertial confinement fusion capsule performance
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  • Cerjan, Charles; Springer, Paul T.; Sepke, Scott M.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4802196

Symmetry tuning via controlled crossed-beam energy transfer on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2010

  • Michel, P.; Glenzer, S. H.; Divol, L.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.3325733

X-ray driven implosions at ignition relevant velocities on the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2013

  • Meezan, N. B.; MacKinnon, A. J.; Hicks, D. G.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4803915

Low-adiabat rugby hohlraum experiments on the National Ignition Facility: Comparison with high-flux modeling and the potential for gas-wall interpenetration
journal, November 2014

  • Amendt, Peter; Ross, J. Steven; Milovich, Jose L.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4901195

Reduced instability growth with high-adiabat high-foot implosions at the National Ignition Facility
journal, July 2014

Measurement of electron temperature of imploded capsules at the National Ignition Facility
journal, October 2012

  • Izumi, N.; Ma, T.; Barrios, M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4738660

Effect of the mounting membrane on shape in inertial confinement fusion implosions
journal, February 2015

  • Nagel, S. R.; Haan, S. W.; Rygg, J. R.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4907179

Point design targets, specifications, and requirements for the 2010 ignition campaign on the National Ignition Facility
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Metrics for long wavelength asymmetries in inertial confinement fusion implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2014

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  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4871718

Erratum: “Effect of the mounting membrane on shape in inertial confinement fusion implosions” [Phys. Plasmas 22 , 022704 (2015)]
journal, March 2015

  • Nagel, S. R.; Haan, S. W.; Rygg, J. R.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 3
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The effect of turbulent kinetic energy on inferred ion temperature from neutron spectra
journal, July 2014

2D X-Ray Radiography of Imploding Capsules at the National Ignition Facility
journal, May 2014

Implosion dynamics measurements at the National Ignition Facility
journal, December 2012

  • Hicks, D. G.; Meezan, N. B.; Dewald, E. L.
  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 12
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High-Adiabat High-Foot Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014

Design of a High-Foot High-Adiabat ICF Capsule for the National Ignition Facility
journal, February 2014

The velocity campaign for ignition on NIF
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  • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
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Thermonuclear ignition in inertial confinement fusion and comparison with magnetic confinement
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Three-dimensional simulations of National Ignition Facility implosions: Insight into experimental observablesa)
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A survey of pulse shape options for a revised plastic ablator ignition design
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Imaging of high-energy x-ray emission from cryogenic thermonuclear fuel implosions on the NIF
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Thin Shell, High Velocity Inertial Confinement Fusion Implosions on the National Ignition Facility
journal, April 2015

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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Capsule physics comparison of National Ignition Facility implosion designs using plastic, high density carbon, and beryllium ablators
    journal, March 2018

    • Clark, D. S.; Kritcher, A. L.; Yi, S. A.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5016874

    Exploring the limits of case-to-capsule ratio, pulse length, and picket energy for symmetric hohlraum drive on the National Ignition Facility Laser
    journal, May 2018

    • Callahan, D. A.; Hurricane, O. A.; Ralph, J. E.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5020057

    The potential of imposed magnetic fields for enhancing ignition probability and fusion energy yield in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion
    journal, June 2017

    • Perkins, L. J.; Ho, D. D. -M; Logan, B. G.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 6
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4985150

    On the importance of minimizing “coast-time” in x-ray driven inertially confined fusion implosions
    journal, September 2017

    • Hurricane, O. A.; Kritcher, A.; Callahan, D. A.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 9
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4994856

    Inertially confined fusion plasmas dominated by alpha-particle self-heating
    journal, April 2016

    • Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Casey, D. T.
    • Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1038/nphys3720

    Indirect drive ignition at the National Ignition Facility
    journal, October 2016

    First beryllium capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility
    journal, May 2016

    • Kline, J. L.; Yi, S. A.; Simakov, A. N.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4948277

    Three-dimensional simulations of low foot and high foot implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility
    journal, March 2016

    • Clark, D. S.; Weber, C. R.; Milovich, J. L.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4943527

    Theoretical and simulation research of hydrodynamic instabilities in inertial-confinement fusion implosions
    journal, March 2017

    • Wang, LiFeng; Ye, WenHua; He, XianTu
    • Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, Vol. 60, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1007/s11433-017-9016-x

    The role of hot spot mix in the low-foot and high-foot implosions on the NIF
    journal, May 2017

    • Ma, T.; Patel, P. K.; Izumi, N.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4983625

    Beyond alpha-heating: driving inertially confined fusion implosions toward a burning-plasma state on the National Ignition Facility
    journal, November 2018

    • Hurricane, O. A.; Callahan, D. A.; Springer, P. T.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/aaed71

    Integrated modeling of cryogenic layered highfoot experiments at the NIF
    journal, May 2016

    • Kritcher, A. L.; Hinkel, D. E.; Callahan, D. A.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4949351

    Improving ICF implosion performance with alternative capsule supports
    journal, May 2017

    • Weber, C. R.; Casey, D. T.; Clark, D. S.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4977536

    Hollow wall to stabilize and enhance ignition hohlraums
    journal, January 2018

    • Vandenboomgaerde, M.; Grisollet, A.; Bonnefille, M.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5008669

    Analysis of NIF experiments with the minimal energy implosion model
    journal, August 2015

    • Cheng, B.; Kwan, T. J. T.; Wang, Y. M.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 8
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4928093

    A comprehensive alpha-heating model for inertial confinement fusion
    journal, January 2018

    • Christopherson, A. R.; Betti, R.; Bose, A.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.4991405

    Comparison of plastic, high density carbon, and beryllium as indirect drive NIF ablators
    journal, May 2018

    • Kritcher, A. L.; Clark, D.; Haan, S.
    • Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1063/1.5018000

    Inertial-confinement fusion with lasers
    journal, May 2016

    • Betti, R.; Hurricane, O. A.
    • Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 5
    • DOI: 10.1038/nphys3736

    Modeling and projecting implosion performance for the National Ignition Facility
    journal, December 2018

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