Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems

Hen, O.; Sargsian, M.; Weinstein, L. B.; Piasetzky, E.

doi:10.1126/science.1256785

Title: Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems

Abstract

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions, protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron scattering measurements using ¹²C, ²⁷Al, ⁵⁶Fe and ²⁰⁸Pb targets show that, even in heavy neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin state, ultra-cold atomic gas systems.

Authors:

Hen, O. ^[1]; Sargsian, M. ^[2]; Weinstein, L. B. ^[3]; Piasetzky, E. ^[4]

Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel)
Florida International Univ., Miami, FL (United States)
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
Tel Aviv Univ., Tel Aviv (Israel), et. al.

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

Contributing Org.:: Jefferson Lab CLAS Collaboration

OSTI Identifier:: 1168952

Report Number(s):: JLAB/PHY-14-1998; DOE/OR/23177-3288
Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Science

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 346; Journal Issue: 6209; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075

Publisher:: AAAS

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; ultra-cold atomic gas systems; electron scattering; fermions; Fermi; quark

Citation Formats


                    Hen, O., Sargsian, M., Weinstein, L. B., and Piasetzky, E. Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1126/science.1256785.

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                    Hen, O., Sargsian, M., Weinstein, L. B., & Piasetzky, E. Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256785

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                    Hen, O., Sargsian, M., Weinstein, L. B., and Piasetzky, E. Thu .  
"Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1256785.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1168952.

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@article{osti_1168952,

  title        = {Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems},

  author       = {Hen, O. and Sargsian, M. and Weinstein, L. B. and Piasetzky, E.},

  abstractNote = {The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions, protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron scattering measurements using 12C, 27Al, 56Fe and 208Pb targets show that, even in heavy neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin state, ultra-cold atomic gas systems.},

  doi          = {10.1126/science.1256785},

  journal      = {Science},

  number       = 6209,

  volume       = 346,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Thu Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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The atomic nucleus is one of the densest and most complex quantum-mechanical systems in nature. Nuclei account for nearly all the mass of the visible Universe. The properties of individual nucleons (protons and neutrons) in nuclei can be probed by scattering a high-energy particle from the nucleus and detecting this particle after it scatters, often also detecting an additional knocked- out proton. Analysis of electron- and proton-scattering experiments suggests that some nucleons in nuclei form close-proximity neutron-proton pairs with high nucleon momentum, greater than the nuclear Fermi momentum. However, how excess neutrons in neutron-rich nuclei form such close-proximity pairs remainsmore »« less
Cited by 95
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0400-z

Full Text Available
Pauli energy contribution to the nucleus-nucleus interaction

Journal Article Umar, A. S. ; Simenel, C. ; Godbey, K. - Physical Review C

Background: The Pauli exclusion principle plays a crucial role as a building block of many-body quantal systems comprised of fermions. It also induces a “Pauli repulsion” in the interaction between di-nuclear systems. It has been shown in [Phys. Rev. C 95, 031601(R) (2017)] that the Pauli repulsion widens the nucleus-nucleus potential barrier, thus hindering sub-barrier fusion. Purpose: To investigate the proton and neutron contributions to the Pauli repulsion, both in the bare potential neglecting shape polarization and transfer between the reactants, as well as in the dynamical potential obtained by accounting for such dynamical rearrangements. Methods: As the basis ofmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.104.034619

Full Text Available
Revealing the short-range structure of the mirror nuclei ³H and ³He

Journal Article Li, S. ; Cruz-Torres, R. ; Santiesteban, N. ; ... - Nature (London)

When protons and neutrons (nucleons) are bound into atomic nuclei, they are close enough to feel significant attraction, or repulsion, from the strong, short-distance part of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. These strong interactions lead to hard collisions between nucleons, generating pairs of highly energetic nucleons referred to as short-range correlations (SRCs). SRCs are an important but relatively poorly understood part of nuclear structure, and mapping out the strength and the isospin structure (neutron-proton (np) versus proton-proton (pp) pairs) of these virtual excitations is thus critical input for modelling a range of nuclear, particle and astrophysics measurements. Two-nucleon knockout or 'triple coincidence'more »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05007-2

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Title: Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems

Abstract

Citation Formats

Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas journal, December 2008

Large momentum part of a strongly correlated Fermi gas journal, December 2008

Generalized virial theorem and pressure relation for a strongly correlated Fermi gas journal, December 2008

Quasi-elastic electron scattering off nuclei journal, March 1993

Investigation of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations using the reaction in close to 4π geometry journal, March 1998

Evidence for short-range correlations in 16O journal, February 2000

Evidence for Strong Dominance of Proton-Neutron Correlations in Nuclei journal, October 2006

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter journal, June 2008

Measurement of Two- and Three-Nucleon Short-Range Correlation Probabilities in Nuclei journal, March 2006

New Measurements of High-Momentum Nucleons and Short-Range Structures in Nuclei journal, February 2012

Independent particle motion and correlations in fermion systems journal, July 1997

Hard probes of short-range nucleon–nucleon correlations journal, October 2012

Verification of Universal Relations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas journal, June 2010

Universal Behavior of Pair Correlations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas journal, August 2010

Tensor Forces and the Ground-State Structure of Nuclei journal, March 2007

Exclusive electrodisintegration of He 3 at high Q 2 . II. Decay function formalism journal, April 2005

Hard nuclear processes and microscopic nuclear structure journal, April 1988

The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) journal, May 2003

Measurement of transparency ratios for protons from short-range correlated pairs journal, May 2013

Color transparency: Past, present and future journal, March 2013

Neutron-Proton Charge-Exchange Scattering in the BeV/ c Region journal, July 1965

New properties of the high-momentum distribution of nucleons in asymmetric nuclei journal, March 2014

Nucleon and nucleon-pair momentum distributions in A ≤ 12 nuclei journal, February 2014

Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Quasielastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at E ν ∼ 3.5 GeV journal, July 2013

Measurement of Muon Neutrino Quasielastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at E ν ∼ 3.5 GeV journal, July 2013

Short Range Correlations and the EMC Effect journal, February 2011

Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering journal, February 2002

Erratum: Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 091802 (2002)] journal, June 2003

Isovector EMC Effect and the NuTeV Anomaly journal, June 2009

Constraining the Symmetry Parameters of the Nuclear Interaction journal, June 2013

High-momentum components in the nuclear symmetry energy journal, January 2012

Nuclear symmetry energy and the role of the tensor force journal, December 2011

Delineating effects of tensor force on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy journal, March 2013

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions journal, August 2008

Realistic model of the nucleon spectral function in few- and many-nucleon systems journal, April 1996

Quantifying short-range correlations in nuclei journal, October 2012

A chiral effective lagrangian for nuclei journal, April 1997

New data strengthen the connection between short range correlations and the EMC effect journal, April 2012

Accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking journal, January 1995

Nuclear Fermi Momenta from Quasielastic Electron Scattering journal, February 1971

A double-target system for precision measurements of nuclear medium effects journal, July 2008

Investigation of Proton-Proton Short-Range Correlations via the C 12 ( e , e ′ p p ) Reaction journal, August 2007

Probing the Repulsive Core of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction via the He 4 ( e , e ′ p N ) Triple-Coincidence Reaction journal, July 2014

Factorization of exclusive electron-induced two-nucleon knockout journal, February 2014

Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A ( e , e ′ p ) reactions up to Q 2 = 8.1 ( GeV / c ) 2 journal, October 2002

Precise Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor G M n in the Few- GeV 2 Region journal, May 2009

Short range correlations and the EMC effect journal, April 2011

Probing the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction via the He 4 (e,e′pN) triple-coincidence reaction text, January 2014

High-momentum components in the nuclear symmetry energy conference, January 2013

Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions text, January 2008

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter text, January 2009

Verification of universal relations in a strongly interacting Fermi gas text, January 2010

New measurements of high-momentum nucleons and short-range structures in nuclei text, January 2011

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effect text, January 2012

Quantifying short-range correlations in nuclei text, January 2012

Delineating effects of tensor force on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy text, January 2012

New Properties of High Momentum Distribution of Nucleons in Asymmetric Nuclei text, January 2012

Factorization of exclusive electroinduced two-nucleon knockout text, January 2013

Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas text, January 2005

Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e'p) reactions uo to Q^2=8.1 (GeV/c)^2 text, January 2001

A Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering text, January 2001

Tensor Forces and the Ground-State Structure of Nuclei text, January 2006

An accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking text, January 1994

Realistic Model of the Nucleon Spectral Function in Few- and Many- Nucleon Systems text, January 1995

Dynamical effects of spin-dependent interactions in low- and intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions journal, December 2015

Probing high-momentum protons and neutrons in neutron-rich nuclei journal, August 2018

Modified structure of protons and neutrons in correlated pairs journal, February 2019

Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction journal, February 2020

Neutrino–nucleus cross sections for oscillation experiments journal, December 2017

Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules journal, August 2019

Nucleon momentum distributions in asymmetric nuclear matter journal, November 2019

Proton-proton momentum correlation function as a probe of the high momentum tail of the nucleon-momentum distribution journal, January 2020

Critical density and impact of Δ ( 1232 ) resonance formation in neutron stars journal, July 2015

Probing mixed-spin pairing in heavy nuclei journal, January 2016

Emission of neutron-proton and proton-proton pairs in electron scattering induced by meson-exchange currents journal, November 2016

Neutron matter within QCD sum rules journal, May 2018

Spectral Response and Contact of the Unitary Fermi Gas journal, May 2019

Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
journal, December 2008

Large momentum part of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
journal, December 2008

Generalized virial theorem and pressure relation for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
journal, December 2008

Quasi-elastic electron scattering off nuclei
journal, March 1993

Investigation of short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations using the reaction in close to 4π geometry
journal, March 1998

Evidence for short-range correlations in 16O
journal, February 2000

Evidence for Strong Dominance of Proton-Neutron Correlations in Nuclei
journal, October 2006

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
journal, June 2008

Measurement of Two- and Three-Nucleon Short-Range Correlation Probabilities in Nuclei
journal, March 2006

New Measurements of High-Momentum Nucleons and Short-Range Structures in Nuclei
journal, February 2012

Independent particle motion and correlations in fermion systems
journal, July 1997

Hard probes of short-range nucleon–nucleon correlations
journal, October 2012

Verification of Universal Relations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
journal, June 2010

Universal Behavior of Pair Correlations in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
journal, August 2010

Tensor Forces and the Ground-State Structure of Nuclei
journal, March 2007

Exclusive electrodisintegration of ${}^{3}{He}$ at high $Q^{2}$ . II. Decay function formalism
journal, April 2005

Hard nuclear processes and microscopic nuclear structure
journal, April 1988

The CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS)
journal, May 2003

Measurement of transparency ratios for protons from short-range correlated pairs
journal, May 2013

Color transparency: Past, present and future
journal, March 2013

Neutron-Proton Charge-Exchange Scattering in the BeV/ c Region
journal, July 1965

New properties of the high-momentum distribution of nucleons in asymmetric nuclei
journal, March 2014

Nucleon and nucleon-pair momentum distributions in $A \leq 12$ nuclei
journal, February 2014

Measurement of Muon Antineutrino Quasielastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at $E_{ν} \sim 3.5 GeV$
journal, July 2013

Measurement of Muon Neutrino Quasielastic Scattering on a Hydrocarbon Target at $E_{ν} \sim 3.5 GeV$
journal, July 2013

Short Range Correlations and the EMC Effect
journal, February 2011

Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering
journal, February 2002

Erratum: Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 , 091802 (2002)]
journal, June 2003

Isovector EMC Effect and the NuTeV Anomaly
journal, June 2009

Constraining the Symmetry Parameters of the Nuclear Interaction
journal, June 2013

High-momentum components in the nuclear symmetry energy
journal, January 2012

Nuclear symmetry energy and the role of the tensor force
journal, December 2011

Delineating effects of tensor force on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy
journal, March 2013

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions
journal, August 2008

Realistic model of the nucleon spectral function in few- and many-nucleon systems
journal, April 1996

Quantifying short-range correlations in nuclei
journal, October 2012

A chiral effective lagrangian for nuclei
journal, April 1997

New data strengthen the connection between short range correlations and the EMC effect
journal, April 2012

Accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking
journal, January 1995

Nuclear Fermi Momenta from Quasielastic Electron Scattering
journal, February 1971

A double-target system for precision measurements of nuclear medium effects
journal, July 2008

Investigation of Proton-Proton Short-Range Correlations via the ${}^{12}C (e, e^{'} p p)$ Reaction
journal, August 2007

Probing the Repulsive Core of the Nucleon-Nucleon Interaction via the ${}^{4}{He} (e, e^{'} p N)$ Triple-Coincidence Reaction
journal, July 2014

Factorization of exclusive electron-induced two-nucleon knockout
journal, February 2014

Nuclear transparency from quasielastic ${A (e, e}^{'} p)$ reactions up to $Q^{2} = 8.1 (GeV {/ c)}^{2}$
journal, October 2002

Precise Measurement of the Neutron Magnetic Form Factor $G_{M}^{n}$ in the Few- ${GeV}^{2}$ Region
journal, May 2009

Short range correlations and the EMC effect
journal, April 2011

Probing the repulsive core of the nucleon-nucleon interaction via the He 4 (e,e′pN) triple-coincidence reaction
text, January 2014

High-momentum components in the nuclear symmetry energy
conference, January 2013

Recent Progress and New Challenges in Isospin Physics with Heavy-Ion Reactions
text, January 2008

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
text, January 2009

Verification of universal relations in a strongly interacting Fermi gas
text, January 2010

New measurements of high-momentum nucleons and short-range structures in nuclei
text, January 2011

New data strengthen the connection between Short Range Correlations and the EMC effect
text, January 2012

Quantifying short-range correlations in nuclei
text, January 2012

Delineating effects of tensor force on the density dependence of nuclear symmetry energy
text, January 2012

New Properties of High Momentum Distribution of Nucleons in Asymmetric Nuclei
text, January 2012

Factorization of exclusive electroinduced two-nucleon knockout
text, January 2013

Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
text, January 2005

Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e'p) reactions uo to Q^2=8.1 (GeV/c)^2
text, January 2001

A Precise Determination of Electroweak Parameters in Neutrino-Nucleon Scattering
text, January 2001

Tensor Forces and the Ground-State Structure of Nuclei
text, January 2006

An accurate nucleon-nucleon potential with charge-independence breaking
text, January 1994

Realistic Model of the Nucleon Spectral Function in Few- and Many- Nucleon Systems
text, January 1995

Dynamical effects of spin-dependent interactions in low- and intermediate-energy heavy-ion reactions
journal, December 2015

Probing high-momentum protons and neutrons in neutron-rich nuclei
journal, August 2018

Modified structure of protons and neutrons in correlated pairs
journal, February 2019

Probing the core of the strong nuclear interaction
journal, February 2020

Neutrino–nucleus cross sections for oscillation experiments
journal, December 2017

Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules
journal, August 2019

Nucleon momentum distributions in asymmetric nuclear matter
journal, November 2019

Proton-proton momentum correlation function as a probe of the high momentum tail of the nucleon-momentum distribution
journal, January 2020

Critical density and impact of $Δ (1232)$ resonance formation in neutron stars
journal, July 2015

Probing mixed-spin pairing in heavy nuclei
journal, January 2016

Emission of neutron-proton and proton-proton pairs in electron scattering induced by meson-exchange currents
journal, November 2016

Neutron matter within QCD sum rules
journal, May 2018

Spectral Response and Contact of the Unitary Fermi Gas
journal, May 2019

Towards understanding astrophysical effects of nuclear symmetry energy
journal, July 2019

Pairing in high-density neutron matter including short- and long-range correlations
text, January 2015

Measurement of the EMC Effect in the Deuteron
text, January 2015