While conducting research in the early 1970s at Brookhaven National Laboratory [2], Samuel C.C. Ting [3]concluded he had evidence of a new elementary particle [4] three times heavier than a proton and much longer-lived than anything physics currently knew of (where "long life" is often measured in minute fractions of a second). Ting announced his discovery of the "J particle" at about the same time Burton Richter [5] at Stanford University demonstrated the existence of the "psi particle." Richter went on to serve as Director of the DOE Stanford Linear Accelerator Center from 1984-1999. Their dual discoveries provided the first experimental evidence for a fourth quark, "charm," and earned them the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physics [6]. Find resources with additional information [7] at the OSTI DOE R&D Accomplishments [8] website. DOE R&D Accomplishments is a central forum for information about significant outcomes of past DOE R&D widely recognized as remarkable advancements in science.