894276 U.S. Patent No. 7,053,294 B2 Thin-Film Solar Cell Fabricated on a Flexible Metallic Substrate 2006-05-30 Tuttle, J. R.; Noufi, R.; Hasoon, F. S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; ALUMINIUM; HETEROJUNCTIONS; SOLAR CELLS; STAINLESS STEELS; SUBSTRATES THIN-FILM SOLAR CELL; FLEXIBLE METALLIC SUBSTRATE; SEMICONDUCTOR ABSORBER LAYER; PHOTOACTIVE FILM; Solar Energy - Photovoltaics; Silicon Materials and Devices A thin-film solar cell (10) is provided. The thin-film solar cell (10) comprises a flexible metallic substrate (12) having a first surface and a second surface. A back metal contact layer (16) is deposited on the first surface of the flexible metallic substrate (12). A semiconductor absorber layer (14) is deposited on the back metal contact. A photoactive film deposited on the semiconductor absorber layer (14) forms a heterojunction structure and a grid contact (24) deposited on the heterjunction structure. The flexible metal substrate (12) can be constructed of either aluminium or stainless steel. Furthermore, a method of constructing a solar cell is provided. The method comprises providing an aluminum substrate (12), depositing a semiconductor absorber layer (14) on the aluminum substrate (12), and insulating the aluminum substrate (12) from the semiconductor absorber layer (14) to inhibit reaction between the aluminum substrate (12) and the semiconductor absorber layer (14). 894271 U.S. Patent No. 7,033,570 B2 Solar-Thermal Fluid-Wall Reaction Processing 2006-04-25 Weimer, A. W.; Dahl, J. K.; Lewandowski, A. A.; Bingham, C.; Raska Buechler, K. J.; Grothe, W. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 08 HYDROGEN; 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 42 ENGINEERING; CARBON BLACK; CARBON DIOXIDE; DISSOCIATION; GASES; HYDROCARBONS; HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN SULFIDES; INVENTIONS; PROCESSING; SOLAR ENERGY SOLAR-THERMAL; FLUID-WALL REACTION PROCESSING; THERMAL DISSOCIATION; RAPID-HEATING; SOLAR ENERGY; Solar Energy - Photovoltaics The present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal dissociation reactions requiring rapid-heating and short residence times using solar energy. In particular, the present invention provides a method for carrying out high temperature thermal reactions such as dissociation of hydrocarbon containing gases and hydrogen sulfide to produce hydrogen and dry reforming of hydrocarbon containing gases with carbon dioxide. In the methods of the invention where hydrocarbon containing gases are dissociated, fine carbon black particles are also produced. The present invention also provides solar-thermal reactors and solar-thermal reactor systems. 894273 U.S. Patent No. 6,989,924 B1 Durable Corrosion and Ultraviolet-Resistant Silver Mirror 2006-01-24 Jorgensen, G. J.; Gee, R. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CORROSION; MIRRORS; POLYMERS; SHIELDS; SILVER; SOLAR REFLECTORS DURABLE CORROSION AND ULTRAVIOLET-RESISTANT SILVER MIRROR; SOLAR REFLECTORS; TRANSPARENT MULTIPOLYMER FILM; UV ABSORBER; Solar Energy - Photovoltaics A corrosion and ultra violet-resistant silver mirror for use in solar reflectors; the silver layer having a film-forming protective polymer bonded thereto, and a protective shield overlay comprising a transparent multipolymer film that incorporates a UV absorber. The corrosion and ultraviolet resistant silver mirror retains spectral hemispherical reflectance and high optical clarity throughout the UV and visible spectrum when used in solar reflectors. 894277 U.S. Patent No. 6,989,252 B2 Hydrogen Production Using Hydrogenase-Containing Oxygenic Photosynthetic Organisms 2006-01-24 Melis, A.; Zhang, L.; Benemann, J. R.; Forestier, M.; Ghirardi, M.; Seibert, M. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 08 HYDROGEN; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; CHLAMYDOMONAS; HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN PRODUCTION; IRON; MANGANESE; MICROORGANISMS; NUTRIENTS; OXYGEN; PRODUCTION; RESPIRATION; SULFUR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION; HYDROGENASE; OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS; ENDOGENOUS SUBSTRATE; PHOTOBIOLOGICAL HYDROGEN GAS PRODUCTION; Basic Sciences; Photoconversion; Hydrogen A reversible physiological process provides for the temporal separation of oxygen evolution and hydrogen production in a microorganism, which includes the steps of growing a culture of the microorganism in medium under illuminated conditions to accumulate an endogenous substrate, depleting from the medium a nutrient selected from the group consisting of sulfur, iron, and/or manganese, sealing the culture from atmospheric oxygen, incubating the culture in light whereby a rate of light-induced oxygen production is equal to or less than a rate of respiration, and collecting an evolved gas. The process is particularly useful to accomplish a sustained photobiological hydrogen gas production in cultures of microorganisms, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. 894278 U.S. Patent No. 6,984,263 B2 Shallow Melt Apparatus for Semicontinuous Czochralski Crystal Growth 2006-01-10 Wang, T.; Ciszek, T. F. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 14 SOLAR ENERGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; AVAILABILITY; CONTAINERS; CONVECTION; CRUCIBLES; CRYSTAL GROWTH; HEAT TRANSFER; MONOCRYSTALS; SHAPE SHALLOW MELT APPARATUS; SEMICONTINUOUS CZOCHRALSKI CRYSTAL GROWTH; SEMICONDUCTOR MELT; Solar Energy - Photovoltaics; Silicon Materials and Devices In a single crystal pulling apparatus for providing a Czochralski crystal growth process, the improvement of a shallow melt crucible (20) to eliminate the necessity supplying a large quantity of feed stock materials that had to be preloaded in a deep crucible to grow a large ingot, comprising a gas tight container a crucible with a deepened periphery (25) to prevent snapping of a shallow melt and reduce turbulent melt convection; source supply means for adding source material to the semiconductor melt; a double barrier (23) to minimize heat transfer between the deepened periphery (25) and the shallow melt in the growth compartment; offset holes (24) in the double barrier (23) to increase melt travel length between the deepened periphery (25) and the shallow growth compartment; and the interface heater/heat sink (22) to control the interface shape and crystal growth rate. 894275 U.S. Patent No. 6,964,294 B2 Passive Cooling System for a Vehicle 2005-11-15 Hendricks, T. J.; Thoensen, T. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO. USDOE AC36-99-GO10337 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; 42 ENGINEERING; COOLING SYSTEMS; EVAPORATORS; HEAT PIPES PASSIVE COOLING SYSTEM; VEHICLE; THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE FILM; HEAT PIPES; EVAPORATOR; Transportation A passive cooling system for a vehicle (114) transfers heat from an overheated internal component, for example, an instrument panel (100), to an external portion (116) of the vehicle (114), for example, a side body panel (126). The passive cooling system includes one or more heat pipes (112) having an evaporator section (118) embedded in the overheated internal component and a condenser section (120) at the external portion (116) of the vehicle (114). The evaporator (118) and condenser (120) sections are in fluid communication. The passive cooling system may also include a thermally conductive film (140) for thermally connecting the evaporator sections (118) of the heat pipes (112) to each other and to the instrument panel (100). 875122 US 6536604 Inorganic dual-layer microporous supported membranes 2003-03-25 US patent application 09/602579 Brinker, C. Jeffrey (14 Eagle Nest Dr. NE., Albuquerque, NM 87122); Tsai, Chung-Yi (6 Mount Vernon Dr., Apt. C, Vernon, CT 06066); Lu, Yungfeng (1055 N. Capital Ave., #20, San Jose, CA 95133) Sandia Corporation AC04-94AL85000 inorganic; dual-layer; microporous; supported; membranes; provides; dual-layer; inorganic; microporous; membrane; capable; molecular; sieving; methods; production; membranes; inorganic; microporous; supported; membrane; porous; substrate; supports; inorganic; porous; membrane; average; pore; size; 25; ang; inorganic; porous; membrane; coating; inorganic; membrane; average; pore; size; ang; dual-layered; membrane; produced; contacting; porous; substrate; surfactant-template; polymeric; sol; resulting; surfactant; sol; coated; membrane; support; surfactant; sol; coated; membrane; support; dried; producing; surfactant-templated; polymer-coated; substrate; calcined; produce; intermediate; layer; surfactant-templated; membrane; intermediate; layer; surfactant-templated; membrane; contacted; polymeric; sol; producing; polymeric; sol; coated; substrate; dried; producing; inorganic; polymeric; coated; substrate; inorganic; polymeric; coated; substrate; calcined; producing; inorganic; dual-layered; microporous; supported; membrane; pore size; pore size; coated substrate; coated substrate; coated substrate; coated substrate; microporous membrane; molecular sieving; microporous support; microporous support Brinker; C. Jeffrey (14 Eagle Nest Dr. NE., Albuquerque, NM 87122); Tsai; Chung-Yi (6 Mount Vernon Dr., Apt. C, Vernon, CT 06066); Lu; Yungfeng (1055 N. Capital Ave., #20, San Jose, CA 95133) The present invention provides for a dual-layer inorganic microporous membrane capable of molecular sieving, and methods for production of the membranes. The inorganic microporous supported membrane includes a porous substrate which supports a first inorganic porous membrane having an average pore size of less than about 25 .ANG. and a second inorganic porous membrane coating the first inorganic membrane having an average pore size of less than about 6 .ANG.. The dual-layered membrane is produced by contacting the porous substrate with a surfactant-template polymeric sol, resulting in a surfactant sol coated membrane support. The surfactant sol coated membrane support is dried, producing a surfactant-templated polymer-coated substrate which is calcined to produce an intermediate layer surfactant-templated membrane. The intermediate layer surfactant-templated membrane is then contacted with a second polymeric sol producing a polymeric sol coated substrate which is dried producing an inorganic polymeric coated substrate. The inorganic polymeric coated substrate is then calcined producing an inorganic dual-layered microporous supported membrane in accordance with the present invention. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6536604 875030 US 6516868 Molten metal holder furnace and casting system incorporating the molten metal holder furnace 2003-02-11 US patent application 09/769944 Kinosz, Michael J. (Apollo, PA); Meyer, Thomas N. (Murrysville, PA) None 86X-SU545C molten; metal; holder; furnace; casting; incorporating; molten; metal; holder; furnace; bottom; heated; holder; furnace; 12; containing; supply; molten; metal; storage; vessel; 30; sidewalls; 32; bottom; wall; 34; defining; molten; metal; receiving; chamber; 36; furnace; insulating; layer; 42; lines; molten; metal; receiving; chamber; 36; thermally; conductive; heat; exchanger; block; 54; located; bottom; molten; metal; receiving; chamber; 36; heating; supply; molten; metal; heat; exchanger; block; 54; bottom; 65; 66; top; 67; heat; exchanger; block; 54; plurality; electrical; heaters; 70; extending; projecting; outward; heat; exchanger; block; 54; extending; furnace; insulating; layer; 42; sidewalls; 32; storage; vessel; 30; connection; source; electrical; power; sealing; layer; 50; covers; bottom; 65; 66; heat; exchanger; block; 54; heat; exchanger; block; 54; substantially; separated; contact; furnace; insulating; layer; 42; heat exchanger; heat exchanger; heat exchanger; heat exchanger; heat exchanger; heat exchanger; molten metal; molten metal; molten metal; molten metal; molten metal; molten metal; molten metal; electrical power; thermally conductive; bottom wall; storage vessel Alcoa Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA) A bottom heated holder furnace (12) for containing a supply of molten metal includes a storage vessel (30) having sidewalls (32) and a bottom wall (34) defining a molten metal receiving chamber (36). A furnace insulating layer (42) lines the molten metal receiving chamber (36). A thermally conductive heat exchanger block (54) is located at the bottom of the molten metal receiving chamber (36) for heating the supply of molten metal. The heat exchanger block (54) includes a bottom face (65), side faces (66), and a top face (67). The heat exchanger block (54) includes a plurality of electrical heaters (70) extending therein and projecting outward from at least one of the faces of the heat exchanger block (54), and further extending through the furnace insulating layer (42) and one of the sidewalls (32) of the storage vessel (30) for connection to a source of electrical power. A sealing layer (50) covers the bottom face (65) and side faces (66) of the heat exchanger block (54) such that the heat exchanger block (54) is substantially separated from contact with the furnace insulating layer (42). http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6516868 874995 US 6508925 Automated brush plating process for solid oxide fuel cells 2003-01-01 Long, Jeffrey William (Pittsburgh, PA) WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP FC26-97FT34139 automated; brush; plating; process; solid; oxide; fuel; cells; method; depositing; metal; coating; 28; interconnect; 26; tubular; hollow; fuel; cell; 10; contains; steps; providing; fuel; cell; 10; exposed; interconnect; surface; 26; contacting; inside; fuel; cell; 10; cathode; 45; liquid; materials; passing; electrical; current; contacting; applicator; 46; contains; metal; electrolyte; solution; passing; current; applicator; 46; cathode; 45; contacting; interconnect; 26; applicator; 46; coating; exposed; interconnect; surface; fuel cell; fuel cell; fuel cell; fuel cell; solid oxide; oxide fuel; electrical current; liquid material; plating process Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (Orlando, FL) A method of depositing a metal coating (28) on the interconnect (26) of a tubular, hollow fuel cell (10) contains the steps of providing the fuel cell (10) having an exposed interconnect surface (26); contacting the inside of the fuel cell (10) with a cathode (45) without use of any liquid materials; passing electrical current through a contacting applicator (46) which contains a metal electrolyte solution; passing the current from the applicator (46) to the cathode (45) and contacting the interconnect (26) with the applicator (46) and coating all of the exposed interconnect surface. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6508925 875005 US 6511076 Fiber gasket and method of making same 2003-01-01 Bruck, Gerald Joseph (Murrysville, PA); Alvin, Mary Anne (Pittsburgh, PA); Smeltzer, Eugene E. (Export, PA) WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP AC26-97FT33007 fiber; gasket; method; gasket; repetitively; spirally; winding; fiber; closed; path; gasket; multi-layer; spiral; winding; formed; loop; fiber; wound; constant; wrap; rate; form; gasket; uniform; cross-section; loop; alternatively; wrap; rate; varied; increased; increase; cross-sectional; bulk; decreased; reduce; cross-section; bulk; loop; spiral; winding; applied; core; 13; strands; fiber; dissimilar; material; providing; property; resiliency; stiffness; temperature; applications; ceramic; fiber; gasket; geometric; configurations; core; 13; ceramic fiber Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (Orlando, FL) A gasket (1) is made by repetitively spirally winding a fiber (3) back on itself in a closed path. The gasket (1) so made has a multi-layer spiral winding (1) formed in a loop (5). The fiber (3) can be wound at a constant wrap rate to form a gasket with a uniform cross-section around the loop. Alternatively, the wrap rate can be varied, increased to increase cross-sectional bulk, and decreased to reduce cross-section bulk around the loop (5). Also, the spiral winding (7) can be applied over a core (13) of either strands of the fiber (3) or a dissimilar material providing a desired property such as resiliency, stiffness or others. For high temperature applications, a ceramic fiber (3) can be used. The gasket (1) can have any of various geometric configurations with or without a core (13). http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6511076 875006 US 6511517 Method for producing a secondary lithium cell comprising a heat-sensitive protective mechanism 2003-01-01 Ullrich, Matthias (Kelkheim, DE); Bechtold, Dieter (Bad Vilbel, DE); Rabenstein, Heinrich (Frankfurt, DE); Brohm, Thomas (Kelkheim, DE) US ADVANCED BATTERY CONSORTIUM FC02-91CE50336 method; producing; secondary; lithium; cell; comprising; heat-sensitive; protective; mechanism; method; producing; secondary; lithium; cell; lithium-cycling; negative; electrode; lithium-intercalating; positive; electrode; separator; disposed; positive; negative; electrode; nonaqueous; lithium; ion-conducting; electrolyte; method; carried; electrodes; andor; separator; coated; means; electrostatic; powder; coating; wax; particles; insoluble; electrolyte; melting; temperature; 50; 150; degree; mean; particle; size; 20; mum; amount; wax; 05; 25; mgcmsup2; electrode; particle size; positive electrode; negative electrode; negative electrode; melting temperature NBT GmbH (DE) A method for producing a secondary lithium cell which has at least one lithium-cycling negative electrode, at least one lithium-intercalating positive electrode, at least one separator disposed between the positive and the negative electrode, and a nonaqueous lithium ion-conducting electrolyte. The method is carried out by the electrodes and/or the separator being coated, by means of electrostatic powder coating, with wax particles which are insoluble in the electrolyte and have a melting temperature of from about 50 to about 150 .degree. C. and a mean particle size of from about 6 to about 20 .mu.m, the amount of wax being between about 0.5 and about 2.5 mg/cm.sup.2 of electrode area. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6511517 875034 US 6517591 Apparatus and method for treating a cathode material provided on a thin-film substrate 2003-01-01 Hanson, Eric J. (Hudson, WI); Kooyer, Richard L. (Hastings, MN) United States Advanced Battery Consortium, Dearborn, MI (US) FC02-91CE50336 apparatus; method; treating; cathode; material; provided; thin-film; substrate; apparatus; method; treating; cathode; material; provided; surface; continuous; thin-film; substrate; treated; thin-film; cathode; increased; smoothness; disclosed; web; untreated; cathode; material; moved; feed; mechanism; take-up; mechanism; passed; treatment; station; web; cathode; material; typically; surface; defects; prominences; extending; surface; cathode; material; surface; cathode; material; treated; abrasive; material; reduce; height; prominences; increase; 85; degree; gloss; value; cathode; material; surface; approximately; 10; web; cathode; material; subjected; subsequent; abrasive; treatment; treatment; station; burnishing; lapping; film; employed; treatment; station; process; cathode; material; abrasive; roller; alternatively; process; web; cathode; material; apparatus; method; employed; treat; surface; lithium; anode; foil; cleanse; reduce; roughness; anode; foil; surface; lithium anode 3M Innovative Properties Company (St. Paul, MN); Hydro-Quebec Corporation (Montreal, CA) An apparatus and method for treating a cathode material provided on a surface of a continuous thin-film substrate and a treated thin-film cathode having increased smoothness are disclosed. A web of untreated cathode material is moved between a feed mechanism and a take-up mechanism, and passed through a treatment station. The web of cathode material typically includes areas having surface defects, such as prominences extending from the surface of the cathode material. The surface of the cathode material is treated with an abrasive material to reduce the height of the prominences so as to increase an 85 degree gloss value of the cathode material surface by at least approximately 10. The web of cathode material may be subjected to a subsequent abrasive treatment at the same or other treatment station. Burnishing or lapping film is employed at a treatment station to process the cathode material. An abrasive roller may alternatively be used to process the web of cathode material. The apparatus and method of the present invention may also be employed to treat the surface of a lithium anode foil so as to cleanse and reduce the roughness of the anode foil surface. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6517591 875072 US 6524456 Microfluidic devices for the controlled manipulation of small volumes 2003-01-01 Ramsey, J. Michael (Knoxville, TN); Jacobson, Stephen C. (Knoxville, TN) UT-BATTELLE LLC AC05-00OR22725 microfluidic; devices; controlled; manipulation; volumes; method; conducting; broad; range; biochemical; analyses; manipulations; series; nano-; subnanoliter; reaction; volumes; apparatus; carrying; disclosed; method; apparatus; implemented; fluidic; microchip; provide; serial; throughput; method; device; lend; multiple; parallel; analyses; manipulation; provide; throughput; generation; biochemical; information; disclosed; device; microfabricated; channel; device; manipulate; nanoliter; subnanoliter; biochemical; reaction; volumes; controlled; manner; produce; results; rates; 10; hz; channel; individual; reaction; volumes; manipulated; serial; fashion; analogous; digital; shift; register; method; apparatus; application; screening; molecular; cellular; targets; single; beads; split-synthesis; combinatorial; libraries; screening; single; cells; rna; protein; expression; genetic; diagnostic; screening; single; cell; level; performing; single; cell; signal; transduction; studies; chemical reaction; single cell; single cell; single cell; reaction volume; microfluidic devices UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge, TN) A method for conducting a broad range of biochemical analyses or manipulations on a series of nano- to subnanoliter reaction volumes and an apparatus for carrying out the same are disclosed. The method and apparatus are implemented on a fluidic microchip to provide high serial throughput. The method and device of the invention also lend themselves to multiple parallel analyses and manipulation to provide greater throughput for the generation of biochemical information. In particular, the disclosed device is a microfabricated channel device that can manipulate nanoliter or subnanoliter biochemical reaction volumes in a controlled manner to produce results at rates of 1 to 10 Hz per channel. The individual reaction volumes are manipulated in serial fashion analogous to a digital shift register. The method and apparatus according to this invention have application to such problems as screening molecular or cellular targets using single beads from split-synthesis combinatorial libraries, screening single cells for RNA or protein expression, genetic diagnostic screening at the single cell level, or performing single cell signal transduction studies. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6524456 875075 US 6524966 Surface treatment and protection method for cadmium zinc telluride crystals 2003-01-01 Wright, Gomez W. (Nashville, TN); James, Ralph B. (Livermore, CA); Burger, Arnold (Nashville, TN); Chinn, Douglas A. (Livermore, CA) SANDIA CORP AC04-94AL85000 surface; treatment; protection; method; cadmium; zinc; telluride; crystals; method; treatment; surface; cdznte; czt; crystal; provides; native; dielectric; coating; reduce; surface; leakage; currents; improve; resolution; instruments; incorporating; detectors; czt; crystals; step; process; disclosed; etching; surface; czt; crystal; solution; conventional; brominemethanol; etch; treatment; attachment; electrical; contacts; passivating; czt; crystal; surface; solution; 10; nhsub4; 10; hsub2; osub2; water; electrical contact; surface treatment; cadmium zinc; zinc telluride; reduce surface Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA) A method for treatment of the surface of a CdZnTe (CZT) crystal that provides a native dielectric coating to reduce surface leakage currents and thereby, improve the resolution of instruments incorporating detectors using CZT crystals. A two step process is disclosed, etching the surface of a CZT crystal with a solution of the conventional bromine/methanol etch treatment, and after attachment of electrical contacts, passivating the CZT crystal surface with a solution of 10 w/o NH.sub.4 F and 10 w/o H.sub.2 O.sub.2 in water. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6524966 875084 US 6528030 Alkaline sorbent injection for mercury control 2003-01-01 Madden, Deborah A. (Boardman, OH); Holmes, Michael J. (Washington Township, Stark County, OH) BABCOCK & WILCOX CO FC22-94PC94251 alkaline; sorbent; injection; mercury; control; mercury; removal; removing; mercury; combustion; flue; gases; provided; alkaline; sorbents; extremely; stoichiometric; molar; ratios; alkaline; earth; alkali; metal; sulfur; 10; injected; power; plant; locations; remove; 40; 60; mercury; content; combustion; flue; gases; amounts; alkaline; sorbents; injected; flue; gas; stream; rate; particulate; filter; remove; mercury-containing; particles; downstream; injection; power; plant; alkali metal; gas stream; alkaline earth; power plant; power plant; flue gas; flue gas; flue gas; molar ratio; flue gases McDermott Technology, Inc. (New Orleans, LA) A mercury removal system for removing mercury from combustion flue gases is provided in which alkaline sorbents at generally extremely low stoichiometric molar ratios of alkaline earth or an alkali metal to sulfur of less than 1.0 are injected into a power plant system at one or more locations to remove at least between about 40% and 60% of the mercury content from combustion flue gases. Small amounts of alkaline sorbents are injected into the flue gas stream at a relatively low rate. A particulate filter is used to remove mercury-containing particles downstream of each injection point used in the power plant system. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6528030 875087 US 6528208 Anodes for rechargeable lithium batteries 2003-01-01 Thackeray, Michael M. (Naperville, IL); Kepler, Keith D. (Mountain View, CA); Vaughey, John T. (Elmhurst, IL) Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL W-31109-ENG-38 anodes; rechargeable; lithium; batteries; negative; electrode; 12; non-aqueous; electrochemical; cell; 10; intermetallic; host; structure; containing; elements; selected; metal; elements; silicon; capable; accommodating; lithium; crystallographic; host; structure; host; structure; lithiated; transforms; lithiated; zinc-blende-type; structure; active; elements; alloying; lithium; inactive; elements; non-alloying; lithium; disclosed; electrochemical; cells; batteries; methods; negative; electrode; disclosed; electrochemical cell; electrochemical cell; negative electrode; negative electrode; metal element; rechargeable lithium The University of Chicago (Chicago, IL) A negative electrode (12) for a non-aqueous electrochemical cell (10) with an intermetallic host structure containing two or more elements selected from the metal elements and silicon, capable of accommodating lithium within its crystallographic host structure such that when the host structure is lithiated it transforms to a lithiated zinc-blende-type structure. Both active elements (alloying with lithium) and inactive elements (non-alloying with lithium) are disclosed. Electrochemical cells and batteries as well as methods of making the negative electrode are disclosed. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6528208 875088 US 6528441 Hydrogen storage composition and method 2003-01-01 Heung, Leung K (Aiken, SC); Wicks, George G. (Aiken, SC) WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO AC09-89SR18035 hydrogen; storage; composition; method; hydrogen; storage; composition; based; metal; hydride; dispersed; aerogel; prepared; sol-gel; process; starting; material; aerogel; organometallic; compound; including; alkoxysilanes; organometals; form; morx; moxry; alkyl; form; csubn; hsub2n1; oxide-forming; metal; integers; valence; sol; prepared; combining; starting; material; alcohol; water; acid; sol; conditioned; proper; viscosity; hydride; form; fine; powder; added; mixture; polymerized; dried; supercritical; conditions; final; product; composition; hydride; uniformly; dispersed; throughout; inert; stable; highly; porous; matrix; capable; absorbing; 30; moles; hydrogen; kilogram; temperature; pressure; rapidly; reversibly; hydrogen; absorbed; composition; readily; recovered; heat; evacuation; metal hydride; organometallic compound; sol-gel process; storage composition; storage composition Westinghouse Savannah River Company, L.L.C. (Aiken, SC) A hydrogen storage composition based on a metal hydride dispersed in an aerogel prepared by a sol-gel process. The starting material for the aerogel is an organometallic compound, including the alkoxysilanes, organometals of the form M(OR)x and MOxRy, where R is an alkyl group of the form C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, M is an oxide-forming metal, n, x, and y are integers, and y is two less than the valence of M. A sol is prepared by combining the starting material, alcohol, water, and an acid. The sol is conditioned to the proper viscosity and a hydride in the form of a fine powder is added. The mixture is polymerized and dried under supercritical conditions. The final product is a composition having a hydride uniformly dispersed throughout an inert, stable and highly porous matrix. It is capable of absorbing up to 30 moles of hydrogen per kilogram at room temperature and pressure, rapidly and reversibly. Hydrogen absorbed by the composition can be readily be recovered by heat or evacuation. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6528441 875095 US 6530240 Control method for mixed refrigerant based natural gas liquefier 2003-01-01 Kountz, Kenneth J. (Palatine, IL); Bishop, Patrick M. (Chicago, IL) INSTITUTE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY AC02-99CH10978 control; method; mixed; refrigerant; based; natural; gas; liquefier; natural; gas; liquefaction; refrigerant; storage; circuit; refrigerant; circulation; circuit; fluid; communication; refrigerant; storage; circuit; natural; gas; liquefaction; circuit; thermal; communication; refrigerant; circulation; circuit; method; liquefaction; natural; gas; pressure; refrigerant; circulation; circuit; adjusted; below; 175; psig; exchange; refrigerant; refrigerant; storage; circuit; variable; speed; motor; started; operation; compressor; initiated; compressor; operated; discharge; capacity; operation; expansion; valve; initiated; suction; pressure; suction; pressure; compressor; maintained; below; 30; psig; discharge; pressure; discharge; pressure; compressor; maintained; below; 350; psig; refrigerant; vapor; introduced; refrigerant; holding; tank; refrigerant; circulation; circuit; suction; pressure; reduced; below; 15; psig; flow; refrigerant; vapor; refrigerant; holding; tank; terminated; natural; gas; introduced; natural; gas; liquefier; resulting; liquefaction; natural; gas; fluid communication; natural gas; natural gas; natural gas; natural gas; natural gas; natural gas; natural gas; variable speed; control method; storage circuit; storage circuit Gas Technology Institute (Des Plaines, IL) In a natural gas liquefaction system having a refrigerant storage circuit, a refrigerant circulation circuit in fluid communication with the refrigerant storage circuit, and a natural gas liquefaction circuit in thermal communication with the refrigerant circulation circuit, a method for liquefaction of natural gas in which pressure in the refrigerant circulation circuit is adjusted to below about 175 psig by exchange of refrigerant with the refrigerant storage circuit. A variable speed motor is started whereby operation of a compressor is initiated. The compressor is operated at full discharge capacity. Operation of an expansion valve is initiated whereby suction pressure at the suction pressure port of the compressor is maintained below about 30 psig and discharge pressure at the discharge pressure port of the compressor is maintained below about 350 psig. Refrigerant vapor is introduced from the refrigerant holding tank into the refrigerant circulation circuit until the suction pressure is reduced to below about 15 psig, after which flow of the refrigerant vapor from the refrigerant holding tank is terminated. Natural gas is then introduced into a natural gas liquefier, resulting in liquefaction of the natural gas. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6530240 875104 US 6532769 Glass-ceramic joint and method of joining 2003-01-01 Meinhardt, Kerry D. (Richland, WA); Vienna, John D. (West Richland, WA); Armstrong, Timothy R. (Clinton, TN); Pederson, Larry R. (Kennewick, WA) BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE AC06-76RL01830 glass-ceramic; joint; method; joining; glass-ceramic; material; method; useful; joining; solid; ceramic; component; solid; component; material; blend; m1-m2-m3; m1; bao; sro; cao; mgo; combinations; m2; alsub2; osub3; blend; amount; 15; mol; m3; siosub2; 50; mol; bsub2; osub3; substantially; matches; coefficient; thermal; expansion; solid; electrolyte; series; glass; ceramics; m1-alsub2; osub3; -m3; join; seal; tubular; planar; solid; oxide; fuel; cells; oxygen; electrolyzers; membrane; reactors; production; syngas; commodity; chemicals; products; fuel cell; thermal expansion; solid oxide; solid electrolyte; oxide fuel; ceramic material; ceramic component; solid ceramic; solid component; ceramic joint Battelle Memorial Institute (Richland, WA) The present invention is a glass-ceramic material and method of making useful for joining a solid ceramic component and at least one other solid component. The material is a blend of M1-M2-M3, wherein M1 is BaO, SrO, CaO, MgO, or combinations thereof, M2 is Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, present in the blend in an amount from 2 to 15 mol %, M3 is SiO.sub.2 with up to 50 mol % B.sub.2 O.sub.3 that substantially matches a coefficient of thermal expansion of the solid electrolyte. According to the present invention, a series of glass ceramics in the M1-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -M3 system can be used to join or seal both tubular and planar solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen electrolyzers, and membrane reactors for the production of syngas, commodity chemicals and other products. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6532769 875112 US 6534134 Apparatus and method for pulsed laser deposition of materials on wires and pipes 2003-01-01 Fernandez, Felix E. (Mayaguez, PR) None FR02-94ER757640 apparatus; method; pulsed; laser; deposition; materials; wires; pipes; methods; apparatuses; disclosed; allow; uniform; coatings; applied; pulsed; laser; deposition; pld; inner; outer; surfaces; cylindrical; rods; pipes; tubes; wires; pld; makes; technique; complex; multicomponent; materials; superconducting; ceramics; rigid; length; pipes; meters; diameters; centimeter; 10; centimeters; coated; technique; deposition; effected; simultaneously; annular; region; pipe; wall; arrangement; simplifies; apparatus; reduces; film; uniformity; control; difficulties; result; faster; operation; cycles; addition; flexible; wires; length; continuously; coated; disclosed; pulsed laser; pulsed laser; laser deposition; laser deposition; uniform coating University of Puerto Rico (San Juan, PR) Methods and apparatuses are disclosed which allow uniform coatings to be applied by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on inner and outer surfaces of cylindrical objects, such as rods, pipes, tubes, and wires. The use of PLD makes this technique particularly suitable for complex multicomponent materials, such as superconducting ceramics. Rigid objects of any length, i.e., pipes up to a few meters, and with diameters from less than 1 centimeter to over 10 centimeters can be coated using this technique. Further, deposition is effected simultaneously onto an annular region of the pipe wall. This particular arrangement simplifies the apparatus, reduces film uniformity control difficulties, and can result in faster operation cycles. In addition, flexible wires of any length can be continuously coated using the disclosed invention. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6534134 875114 US 6534661 Integrated process and dual-function catalyst for olefin epoxidation 2003-01-01 Zhou, Bing (Cranbury, NJ); Rueter, Michael (Plymouth Meeting, PA) Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. (Lawrenceville, NJ) FG02-01ER83350 integrated; process; dual-function; catalyst; olefin; epoxidation; discloses; dual-functional; catalyst; composition; integrated; process; production; olefin; epoxides; including; propylene; oxide; catalytic; reaction; hydrogen; peroxide; hydrogen; oxygen; olefin; feeds; propylene; epoxides; hydrogen; peroxide; produced; simultaneously; situ; dual-functional; catalyst; noble; metal; crystallites; dimensions; nanometer; scale; <1; nm; 10; nm; specially; dispersed; titanium; silicalite; substrate; particles; dual; functional; catalyst; catalyzes; direct; reaction; hydrogen; oxygen; generate; hydrogen; peroxide; intermediate; noble; metal; catalyst; surface; reaction; hydrogen; peroxide; intermediate; propylene; feed; generate; propylene; oxide; product; combining; functions; single; catalyst; provides; efficient; integrated; process; operable; below; flammability; limits; hydrogen; highly; selective; production; hydrogen; peroxide; produce; olefin; oxides; propylene; oxide; formation; undesired; co-products; noble metal; noble metal; catalyst composition Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. (Lawrenceville, NJ) The invention discloses a dual-functional catalyst composition and an integrated process for production of olefin epoxides including propylene oxide by catalytic reaction of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen with olefin feeds such as propylene. The epoxides and hydrogen peroxide are preferably produced simultaneously in situ. The dual-functional catalyst comprises noble metal crystallites with dimensions on the nanometer scale (on the order of <1 nm to 10 nm), specially dispersed on titanium silicalite substrate particles. The dual functional catalyst catalyzes both the direct reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to generate hydrogen peroxide intermediate on the noble metal catalyst surface and the reaction of the hydrogen peroxide intermediate with the propylene feed to generate propylene oxide product. Combining both these functions in a single catalyst provides a very efficient integrated process operable below the flammability limits of hydrogen and highly selective for the production of hydrogen peroxide to produce olefin oxides such as propylene oxide without formation of undesired co-products. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6534661 875189 US H2057 Load attenuating passively adaptive wind turbine blade 2003-01-01 Veers, Paul S. (Albuquerque, NM); Lobitz, Donald W. (Albuquerque, NM) SANDIA CORP AC04-94AL85000 load; attenuating; passively; adaptive; wind; turbine; blade; method; apparatus; improving; wind; turbine; performance; alleviating; loads; controlling; rotor; employs; passively; adaptive; blade; senses; wind; velocity; rotational; speed; accordingly; modifies; aerodynamic; configuration; exploits; load; mitigation; prospects; blade; twists; feather; bends; passively; adaptive; wind; turbine; rotors; blades; currently; power; control; features; apparatus; composite; fiber; horizontal; axis; wind-turbine; blade; substantial; majority; fibers; blade; inclined; angles; 15; 30; degrees; axis; blade; produces; passive; adaptive; aeroelastic; tailoring; bend-twist; coupling; alleviate; loading; unduly; jeopardizing; performance; rotational speed; wind velocity Sandia Corporation (Albuquerque, NM) A method and apparatus for improving wind turbine performance by alleviating loads and controlling the rotor. The invention employs the use of a passively adaptive blade that senses the wind velocity or rotational speed, and accordingly modifies its aerodynamic configuration. The invention exploits the load mitigation prospects of a blade that twists toward feather as it bends. The invention includes passively adaptive wind turbine rotors or blades with currently preferred power control features. The apparatus is a composite fiber horizontal axis wind-turbine blade, in which a substantial majority of fibers in the blade skin are inclined at angles of between 15 and 30 degrees to the axis of the blade, to produces passive adaptive aeroelastic tailoring (bend-twist coupling) to alleviate loading without unduly jeopardizing performance. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=H2057 874849 US 6474397 Fluxing agent for metal cast joining 2002-11-05 US patent application 09/766023 Gunkel, Ronald W. (Lower Burrell, PA); Podey, Larry L. (Greensburg, PA); Meyer, Thomas N. (Murrysville, PA) None 86X-SU545C fluxing; agent; metal; cast; joining; method; joining; aluminum; cast; aluminum; component; method; steps; coating; surface; aluminum; component; flux; comprising; cesium; fluoride; placing; flux; coated; component; mold; filling; mold; molten; aluminum; alloy; allowing; molten; aluminum; alloy; solidify; joining; cast; aluminum; component; flux; aluminum; fluoride; alumina; flux; 60; wt; csf; 30; wt; alfsub3; 10; wt; alsub2; osub3; molten aluminum; molten aluminum Alcoa Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA) A method of joining an aluminum cast member to an aluminum component. The method includes the steps of coating a surface of an aluminum component with flux comprising cesium fluoride, placing the flux coated component in a mold, filling the mold with molten aluminum alloy, and allowing the molten aluminum alloy to solidify thereby joining a cast member to the aluminum component. The flux preferably includes aluminum fluoride and alumina. A particularly preferred flux includes about 60 wt. % CsF, about 30 wt. % AlF.sub.3, and about 10 wt. % Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6474397 874726 US 6450237 Compound cast product and method for producing a compound cast product 2002-09-17 US patent application 09/824560 Meyer, Thomas N. (3987 Murray Highlands Cir., Murrysville, PA 15668-1747); Viswanathan, Srinath (1104 Albermarle La., Knoxville, TN 37923) None 86X-SU545C compound; cast; product; method; producing; compound; cast; product; compound; cast; product; formed; casting; mold; 14; mold; cavity; 16; sized; shaped; form; cast; product; plurality; injectors; 24; supported; bottom; 26; casting; mold; 14; injectors; 24; fluid; communication; mold; cavity; 16; bottom; 26; casting; mold; 14; molten; material; holder; furnace; 12; located; beneath; casting; mold; 14; holder; furnace; 12; defines; molten; material; receiving; chambers; 36; configured; separately; contain; supplies; molten; materials; 37; 38; holder; furnace; 12; positioned; injectors; 24; extend; downward; receiving; chamber; 36; receiving; chamber; 36; separated; flow; circuits; 51; 52; molten; material; 37; received; flow; circuit; 51; molten; material; 38; received; flow; circuit; 52; molten; materials; 37; 38; injected; mold; cavity; 16; injectors; 24; acting; force; gravity; injectors; 24; positioned; molten; materials; 37; 38; injected; mold; cavity; 16; molten; materials; 37; 38; allowed; solidify; resulting; compound; cast; product; removed; mold; cavity; 16; fluid communication; molten material; molten material; molten material; molten material; molten material; molten material; molten material; molten material Meyer; Thomas N. (3987 Murray Highlands Cir., Murrysville, PA 15668-1747); Viswanathan; Srinath (1104 Albermarle La., Knoxville, TN 37923) A compound cast product is formed in a casting mold (14) having a mold cavity (16) sized and shaped to form the cast product. A plurality of injectors (24) is supported from a bottom side (26) of the casting mold (14). The injectors (24) are in fluid communication with the mold cavity (16) through the bottom side (26) of the casting mold (14). A molten material holder furnace (12) is located beneath the casting mold (14). The holder furnace (12) defines molten material receiving chambers (36) configured to separately contain supplies of two different molten materials (37, 38). The holder furnace (12) is positioned such that the injectors (24) extend downward into the receiving chamber (36). The receiving chamber (36) is separated into at least two different flow circuits (51, 52). A first molten material (37) is received in a first flow circuit (51), and a second molten material (38) is received into a second flow circuit (52). The first and second molten materials (37, 38) are injected into the mold cavity (16) by the injectors (24) acting against the force of gravity. The injectors (24) are positioned such that the first and second molten materials (37, 38) are injected into different areas of the mold cavity (16). The molten materials (37, 38) are allowed to solidify and the resulting compound cast product is removed from the mold cavity (16). http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6450237 874688 US 6441574 Energy control strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle 2002-08-27 US patent application 10/697907 Phillips, Anthony Mark (Northville, MI); Blankenship, John Richard (Dearborn, MI); Bailey, Kathleen Ellen (Dearborn, MI); Jankovic, Miroslava (Birmingham, MI) MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE AC36-83CH10093 energy; control; strategy; hybrid; electric; vehicle; energy; control; strategy; 10; hybrid; electric; vehicle; controls; electric; motor; bleed; charge; modes; operation; control; strategy; 10; establishes; 12; value; power; level; battery; charged; power; level; calculate; 14; torque; commanded; electric; motor; strategy; 10; identifies; transition; region; 22; electric; motors; operation; bounded; upper; speed; limits; torque; calculated; applying; equations; regions; transition; region; 22; equations; function; power; level; predetermined; limits; boundaries; electric motor; electric motor; electric motor; electric vehicle; electric vehicle; hybrid electric; hybrid electric; control strategy; control strategy; control strategy; energy control; energy control Ford Motor Company (Dearborn, MI) An energy control strategy (10) for a hybrid electric vehicle that controls an electric motor during bleed and charge modes of operation. The control strategy (10) establishes (12) a value of the power level at which the battery is to be charged. The power level is used to calculate (14) the torque to be commanded to the electric motor. The strategy (10) of the present invention identifies a transition region (22) for the electric motor's operation that is bounded by upper and lower speed limits. According to the present invention, the desired torque is calculated by applying equations to the regions before, during and after the transition region (22), the equations being a function of the power level and the predetermined limits and boundaries. http://www.osti.gov/doepatents/patft?go=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=6441574