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Citation URL: http://www.osti.gov/geothermal/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=1020271
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| Title: |
Nanosensors as Reservoir Engineering Tools to Map Insitu Temperature Distributions in Geothermal Reservoirs |
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| Creator/Author: |
Morgan Ames
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| Publication Date: | 2011 Jun 15 |
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| OSTI Identifier: | OSTI 1020271 |
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| Report Number(s): | SGP-TR-192 |
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| DOE Contract Number: | FG36-08GO18192 |
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| Document Type: | Technical Report |
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| Specific Type: | |
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| Coverage: | Final |
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| Research Org: | Stanford University |
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| Sponsoring Org: | USDOE EE Office of Geothermal Technologies (EE-2C) |
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| Subject: | 15 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY |
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| Keywords: | nanoparticles, tracers, temperature measurement |
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| Description/Abstract: | The feasibility of using nanosensors to measure temperature distribution and predict thermal breakthrough in geothermal reservoirs is addressed in this report. Four candidate sensors were identified: melting tin-bismuth alloy nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles with covalently-attached dye, hollow silica nanoparticles with encapsulated dye and impermeable melting shells, and dye-polymer composite time-temperature indicators. Four main challenges associated with the successful implementation of temperature nanosensors were identified: nanoparticle mobility in porous and fractured media, the collection and detection of nanoparticles at the production well, engineering temperature sensing mechanisms that are both detectable and irreversible, and inferring the spatial geolocation of temperature measurements in order to map temperature distribution. Initial experiments were carried out to investigate each of these challenges. It was demonstrated in a slim-tube injection experiment that it is possible to transport silica nanoparticles over large distances through porous media. The feasibility of magnetic collection of nanoparticles from produced fluid was evaluated experimentally, and it was estimated that 3% of the injected nanoparticles were recovered in a prototype magnetic collection device. An analysis technique was tailored to nanosensors with a dye-release mechanism to estimate temperature measurement geolocation by analyzing the return curve of the released dye. This technique was used in a hypothetical example problem, and good estimates of geolocation were achieved. Tin-bismuth alloy nanoparticles were synthesized using a sonochemical method, and a bench heating experiment was performed using these nanoparticles. Particle growth due to melting was observed, indicating that tin-bismuth nanoparticles have potential as temperature nanosensors |
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| Publisher: | |
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| Country of Publication: | US |
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| Language: | English |
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| Size/Format: | Medium: ED; Size: 7MB |
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| Rights: | |
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| Availability: | |
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| System Entry Date: | 2012 Dec 20 |
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