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Summary: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO, SPEECH, AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 18, NO. 4, MAY 2010 891
A Modular Physically Based Approach to the Sound
Synthesis of Membrane Percussion Instruments
Federico Avanzini and Riccardo Marogna
Abstract--This paper presents a set of novel physical models
for sound synthesis of membrane percussion instruments. First,
a model for tension modulation in a struck circular membrane
is discussed, which simulates the dynamic variations of par-
tial frequencies occurring at large amplitude vibrations of the
membrane. It is shown that the model, which is derived from a
more general theory of nonlinear elastic plates, can be efficiently
integrated into a modal synthesis engine. Novel models for two
relevant sound production mechanisms in membrane percussions
are then proposed, i.e., coupling between two membranes through
enclosed air in two-headed percussions, and string-membrane
coupling. Both are based on a lumped modeling approach and can
be straightforwardly connected to the nonlinear membrane model.
By virtue of this modular approach, individual elements (circular
linear/nonlinear membranes, impact force, membrane coupling
through air, string-membrane coupling) can be combined to form
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