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Summary: Perceptual learning, motor learning and automaticity
Cortical and basal ganglia
contributions to habit learning and
automaticity
F. Gregory Ashby1
, Benjamin O. Turner1
and Jon C. Horvitz2
1
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
2
Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York,
138th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA
In the 20th century it was thought that novel behaviors
are mediated primarily in cortex and that the develop-
ment of automaticity is a process of transferring control
to subcortical structures. However, evidence supports
the view that subcortical structures, such as the stria-
tum, make significant contributions to initial learning.
More recently, there has been increasing evidence that
neurons in the associative striatum are selectively acti-
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