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Summary: Atmospheric Environment 39 (2005) 315327
Reactive nitrogen oxides in the southeast
United States national parks: source identification,
origin, and process budget
Daniel Quansong Tonga,Ã, Daiwen Kanga,1
, Viney P. Anejaa
, John D. Rayb
a
Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8208, USA
b
Air Resources Division, National Park Service, Denver, CO 80225-0287, USA
Received 23 November 2003; received in revised form 27 August 2004; accepted 6 September 2004
Abstract
We present in this study both measurement-based and modeling analyses for elucidation of source attribution,
influence areas, and process budget of reactive nitrogen oxides at two rural southeast United States sites (Great Smoky
Mountains national park (GRSM) and Mammoth Cave national park (MACA)). Availability of nitrogen oxides is
considered as the limiting factor to ozone production in these areas and the relative source contribution of reactive
nitrogen oxides from point or mobile sources is important in understanding why these areas have high ozone. Using two
independent observation-based techniques, multiple linear regression analysis and emission inventory analysis, we
demonstrate that point sources contribute a minimum of 23% of total NOy at GRSM and 27% at MACA. The influence
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