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Summary: HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(Masquelier et al., 2009). As we just review here the main results
of these studies, we redirect the interested reader to the original
references for more details.
Role of Rhythmic neuRal synchRonization in
spontaneous bRain activity duRing Rest
A growing body of neuroimaging research has documented that, in
theabsenceof anexplicittasktheso-called"restingstate,"thebrain
exhibitsstructuredspatiotemporalpatternsof activity.Inparticular,
analysisof thefMRIbloodoxygenlevel-dependent(BOLD)fluctua-
tions (<0.1 Hz) during such conditions has revealed the existence
of consistent networks, called resting state networks (Biswal et al.,
1995).Among them,the so-called default-mode network is believed
toplayanimportantrole(Shulmanetal.,1997;GusnardandRaichle,
2001; Greicius et al., 2003; Fox et al., 2005; Raichle and Mintun,
2006). Although this network could be associated with daydream-
ing, free association, stream of consciousness, or inner rehearsal in
humans,similar patterns have been found in anesthetized monkeys,
demonstrating that this network reveals intrinsic properties of the
brain(Vincentetal.,2007).Since,aseriesof othernetworkshasbeen
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