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Summary: STEPS Towards Cache-Resident Transaction Processing
Stavros Harizopoulos
Carnegie Mellon University
stavros@cs.cmu.edu
Anastassia Ailamaki
Carnegie Mellon University
natassa@cs.cmu.edu
Abstract
Online transaction processing (OLTP) is a multi-
billion dollar industry with high-end database
servers employing state-of-the-art processors to
maximize performance. Unfortunately, recent
studies show that CPUs are far from realizing
their maximum intended throughput because of
delays in the processor caches. When running
OLTP, instruction-related delays in the memory
subsystem account for 25 to 40% of the total exe-
cution time. In contrast to data, instruction misses
cannot be overlapped with out-of-order execution,
and instruction caches cannot grow as the slower
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