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Summary: vol. 168, no. 3 the american naturalist september 2006
A Gravity Model for the Spread of a
Pollinator-Borne Plant Pathogen
Matthew J. Ferrari,1,* Ottar N. Bjørnstad,2,
Jessica L. Partain,3,
and Janis Antonovics3,§
1. Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Pennsylvania
State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
2. Departments of Biology and Entomology, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802;
3. Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Virginia 22904
Submitted June 16, 2005; Accepted June 14, 2006;
Electronically published July 26, 2006
abstract: Many pathogens of plants are transmitted by arthropod
vectors whose movement between individual hosts is influenced by
foraging behavior. Insect foraging has been shown to depend on both
the quality of hosts and the distances between hosts. Given the spatial
distribution of host plants and individual variation in quality, vector
foraging patterns may therefore produce predictable variation in ex-
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