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Summary: 2608 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL. 57, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2008
Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free
Programmable Sensing Platform
Alanson P. Sample, Student Member, IEEE, Daniel J. Yeager, Student Member, IEEE, Pauline S. Powledge,
Alexander V. Mamishev, Senior Member, IEEE, and Joshua R. Smith, Member, IEEE
Abstract--This paper presents the Wireless Identification and
Sensing Platform (WISP), which is a programmable battery-
free sensing and computational platform designed to explore
sensor-enhanced radio frequency identification (RFID) applica-
tions. WISP uses a 16-bit ultralow-power microcontroller to per-
form sensing and computation while exclusively operating from
harvested RF energy. Sensors that have successfully been inte-
grated into the WISP platform to date include temperature, ambi-
ent light, rectified voltage, and orientation. The microcontroller
encodes measurements into an Electronic Product Code (EPC)
Class 1 Generation 1 compliant ID and dynamically computes
the required 16-bit cyclical redundancy checking (CRC). Finally,
WISP emulates the EPC protocol to communicate the ID to the
RFID reader. To the authors' knowledge, WISP is the first fully
programmable computing platform that can operate using power
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