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Summary: Monitoring an Arizona Ponderosa Pine
Restoration: Sampling Efficiency and Multivariate
Analysis of Understory Vegetation
Scott R. Abella,1,2
and W. Wallace Covington1
Abstract
As monitoring plans for the restoration of Pinus ponder-
osa forests in the southwestern United States evolve
toward examining multifactor ecosystem responses to
ecological restoration, designing efficient sampling pro-
cedures for understory vegetation will become increasingly
important. The objective of this study was to compare
understory composition and diversity among thin/burn and
control treatments in a P. ponderosa restoration, while
simultaneously examining the effects of sampling design
and multivariate analyses on which conclusions were
based. Using multi-response permutation procedures
(MRPP), we tested the null hypothesis of no difference
in understory species composition among treatments using
different data matrices (e.g., frequency and cover) for two
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