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Summary: Security and Privacy Using One-Round Zero-Knowledge Proofs*
Sultan Almuhammadi and Clifford Neuman
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0781, USA
E-mail: gsultan@gmail.com, bcn@isi.edu
*
This research was supported in part by King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Figures and
descriptions in this paper were provided by the authors and are used with permission.
Abstract
A zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is an interactive
proof that allows a prover to prove the knowledge of a
secret to a verifier without revealing it. ZKPs are
powerful tools to deal with critical applications in
security e-commerce. Existing ZKPs are iterative in
nature; their protocols require multiple communica-
tion rounds. The cost of iteration makes ZKPs unsuit-
able in practice. We propose a new protocol that meets
all the requirements of ZKPs, yet runs in one round.
The new approach substantially reduces computation
and communications costs. It makes ZKPs more
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