Summary: MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, Mar. 2005, p. 51­78 Vol. 69, No. 1
1092-2172/05/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/MMBR.69.1.51­78.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Diversifying Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways by Directed Evolution
Daisuke Umeno, Alexander V. Tobias, and Frances H. Arnold*
Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................51
Overview of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways ...................................................................................................52
Carotenoids as a Model System for Laboratory Pathway Evolution ................................................................54
Evolvable Pathways and Enzymes ..........................................................................................................................54
APPROACHES TO ENGINEERING NOVEL BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS...................................................55
Engineering Pathways by Gene Assembly .............................................................................................................55
Engineering Pathways by Directed Enzyme Evolution........................................................................................57
PROBING THE EVOLVABILITY OF CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES
AND PATHWAYS .................................................................................................................................................58
Directed Evolution of Key Carotenoid Biosynthetic Enzymes............................................................................58
Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases........................................................................................................................58
Carotenoid synthases ...........................................................................................................................................60
Carotenoid desaturases........................................................................................................................................61
Carotenoid cyclases ..............................................................................................................................................62

Source: Arnold, Frances H. - Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology

Collections: Chemistry; Biology and Medicine