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Summary: Software Modems for Underwater Sensor Networks
Raja Jurdak, Pedro Aguiar, Pierre Baldi, and Cristina Videira Lopes
University College Dublin
raja.jurdak@ucd.ie
University of California, Irvine CA 92697 U.S.A
{pfbaldi, lopes} @ics.uci.edu
Institute for Systems and Robotics / IST, Lisboa, Portugal
aguiar@isr.ist.utl.pt
Abstract-- The prohibitive monetary cost and high power
consumption of existing acoustic hardware represent an obstacle
for underwater sensor network deployment efforts. To address
this issue, we propose underwater networks that rely on widely
available speakers and microphones in electronic devices, coupled
with software modems, to establish acoustic communication
links. In this paper, we analytically and empirically explore
the potential of this acoustic communication system for the
underwater environment with a generic PC microphone as a
receiver and with the Tmote Invent sensor module speaker as
a transmitter. After waterproofing the components with elastic
membranes that provide suitable coupling with the water, our
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