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Summary: Mutualism
J N Holland, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
J L Bronstein, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
ª 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Mutualism Defined
Historical Study of Mutualism
Benefits and Costs of Mutualism
Functional Responses and Population Dynamics
Conditional and Context-Dependent Outcomes
Evolutionary Ecology of Mutualism
Further Reading
Introduction
Fundamental to the discipline of ecology is understanding
how and why interactions between populations of differ-
ent species (i.e., interspecific interactions, species
interactions) influence the growth, abundance, dynamics,
and stability of the interacting populations. Interspecific
interactions occur when the actions, traits, or density of
individuals of one population result in a change in some
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