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SUBMISSION TO IEEE TRAN. AUDIO, SPEECH & LANGUAGE PROCESSING 1
Three dimensional sound field reproduction using
multiple circular loudspeaker arrays
Aastha Gupta, Member, IEEE, and Thushara D. Abhayapala*, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract--Three dimensional (3D) spatial sound field repro-
duction enables enhanced immersive acoustic experience for a
listener. Recreating an arbitrary 3D spatial sound field using
a practically realizable array of loudspeakers is a challenging
problem in acoustic signal processing. This paper exploits the
underlying characteristics of wavefield propagation to devise a
strategy for accurate 3D sound field reproduction inside a 3D
region of interest with practical array geometries. Specifically
we use the properties of the associated Legendre functions and
the spherical Hankel functions, which are part of the solution
to the wave equation in spherical coordinates, for loudspeaker
placement on a set of multiple circular arrays and provide a
technique for spherical harmonic mode-selection to control the
repoduced sound field. We also analyze the artifacts of spatial
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