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Summary: Cl concentrations in the Sajama ice core, and to
a number of other pedological and geomorpho-
logical features indicative of long-term dry cli-
mates (8, 1114, 18). This decline in human
activity around the Altiplano paleolakes is seen
in most caves, with early and late occupations
separated by largely sterile mid-Holocene sed-
iments. However, a few sites, including the
caves of Tulan-67 and Tulan-68, show that
people did not completely disappear from the
area. All of the sites of sporadic occupation
are located near wetlands in valleys, near
large springs, or where lakes turned into wet-
lands and subsistence resources were locally
still available despite a generally arid climate
(7, 8, 19, 20).
Archaeological data from surrounding ar-
eas suggest that the Silencio Arqueolo´gico
applies best to the most arid areas of the
central Andes, where aridity thresholds for
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