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Summary: 332 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA, VOL. 9, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2007
An Adaptive Media-Aware Retransmission Timeout
Estimation Method for Low-Delay Packet Video
Ali C. Begen, Student Member, IEEE, and Yucel Altunbasak, Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract--Time-constrained error recovery is an integral com-
ponent of reliable low-delay video applications. Regardless of the
error-control method adopted by the application, unacknowledged
or missing packets must be quickly identified as lost or delayed, so
that necessary actions can be taken by the server/client on time.
Historically, this problem has been referred to as retransmission
timeout (RTO) estimation. Earlier studies show that existing
RTO estimators suffer from either long loss detection times or
a large number of spurious timeouts. The goal of this study is
to address these problems by developing an RTO estimation
method specifically tailored for low-delay video applications.
In the media-unaware mode, this method exploits the temporal
dependence in packet delay to optimally manage the tradeoff
between the amount of overwaiting and redundant retransmission
rate. As opposed to existing methods, our approach is completely
adaptive to the source video characteristics and time-varying
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