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Summary: Neuron
Article
Assessing the Function of Motor Cortex:
Single-Neuron Models of How Neural Response
Is Modulated by Limb Biomechanics
Robert Ajemian,1,* Andrea Green,2 Daniel Bullock,3,4 Lauren Sergio,5 John Kalaska,2,* and Stephen Grossberg3,4
1McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
2Groupe de recherche sur le syste` me nerveux central (FRSQ), DeŽ partement de physiologie, UniversiteŽ de MontreŽ al, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
3Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
4Center of Excellence for Learning in Education, Science, and Technology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
5School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON ON M3J 1P3, Canada
*Correspondence: ajemian@mit.edu (R.A.), kalaskaj@physio.umontreal.ca (J.K.)
DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.02.033
SUMMARY
Do neurons in primary motor cortex encode the gen-
erative details of motor behavior, such as individual
muscle activities, or do they encode high-level move-
ment attributes? Resolving this question has proven
difficult, in large part because of the sizeable uncer-
tainty inherent in estimating or measuring the joint
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