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Summary: BDD Based Procedures for a Theory of Equality
with Uninterpreted Functions
Anuj Goel 1 , Khurram Sajid 2 , Hai Zhou 1 , Adnan Aziz 1 , and Vigyan Singhal 3
1 The University of Texas at Austin
2 Intel Corporation
3 Cadence Berkeley Labs
Abstract. The logic of equality with uninterpreted functions has been
proposed for verifying abstract hardware designs. The ability to perform
fast satisfiability checking over this logic is imperative for this verification
paradigm to be successful. We present symbolic methods for satisfiability
checking for this logic. The first procedure is based on restricting analysis
to finite instantiations of the design. The second procedure directly rea
sons about equality by introducing Booleanvalued indicator variables for
equality. Theoretical and experimental evidence shows the superiority of the
second approach.
1 Verifying Highlevel Designs Using the Theory of Equality
A common problem with automatic formal verification is that the computational
resources required for verification increase rapidly with the size of the design. State
ofthe art tools for verification of gatelevel designs are not capable of routinely
verifying designs possessing more than a hundred to two hundred binaryvalued
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