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Summary: Immunological Response from an Entirely Carbohydrate Antigen: Design of
Synthetic Vaccines Based on Tn-PS A1 Conjugates
Ravindra A. De Silva, Qianli Wang, Tristan Chidley, Dananjaya K. Appulage, and Peter R. Andreana*
Wayne State UniVersity, Department of Chemistry, 5101 Cass AVenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202
Received April 1, 2009; E-mail: pra@chem.wayne.edu
The introduction of vaccines into medical practice has been one of
the most significant advancements of modern medicine.1
Its success
can be attributed to the fact that vaccinology has expanded beyond its
traditional mainstays (attenuated or dead microorganisms, inactivated
bacterial toxins, and protein subunit vaccines) to the likes of recom-
binant proteins and glycoproteins, synthetic peptides, and conjugate
vaccines.2
Despite the enormous success, there remains a need for
effective vaccines for the treatment of serious diseases such as malaria,
AIDS, antibiotic-resistant infections, and cancer.
Carbohydrates are involved in a wide variety of biological roles.3
For example, oncogenic transformation of cells is closely correlated
with dramatic changes in their glycosylation patterns.4
Aberrant
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