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Summary: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 16, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2006 209
On Using Game Theory to Optimize
the Rate Control in Video Coding
Ishfaq Ahmad, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jiancong Luo, Member, IEEE
Abstract--This paper presents a game theory based technique
for optimizing the bit rate control in video coding. Game theory, by
virtue of its enormous potential for solving constrained optimiza-
tion problems, has been effectively utilized in several branches
of natural and social sciences. But this paper is the first attempt
in using game theory for video compression. The objective is to
optimize the perceptual quality while guaranteeing "fairness"
in bit allocation among macroblocks (MBs). The proposed tech-
nique is a dual-level rate control algorithm: At the first level,
the algorithm allocates the target bits to frames based on their
coding complexity; a method to estimate the coding complexity
of the remaining frames is proposed. At the second level, MBs of
a frame play cooperative games such that each MB competes for
a fair share of resources (bits) to optimize its quantization scale
while considering the human visual system (HVS) perceptual
property. We formulate the rate control problem by defining
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