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Summary: Short and ultrashort laser pulse induced bubbles on transparent and
scattering tissue models.
Francisco Pérez-Gutierrez1
, Rodger Evans2
, Santiago Camacho-Lopez2
, Guillermo Aguilar1
.
1. University of California, Riverside
900 University Ave. Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
2. Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada
Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico
ABSTRACT
Bubble formation is a well identified phenomenon within short (ns) and ultrashort (fs) laser pulses-aqueous media
interactions. Bubble formation might be produced by three different mechanisms: (1) optical breakdown, (2)
rarefraction wave and (3) overheating of the material. Experiments where transparent and scattering tissue models
that mimic biological tissue were irradiated with a Q-switched, 532 nm, 5 nanosecond, Nd:YAG and Ti:sapphire
femtosecond laser systems. The type of bubble (transient or permanent) and initial bubble diameter were
characterized as a function of time as well as the number of pulses and repetition rate at which they were delivered.
Threshold fluence for bubble formation in scattering tissue model was also studied. Two types of bubbles were
identified depending on the number of pulses and the repetition rate at which they were delivered: transient (type 1)
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