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Summary: Purification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of
Insulins from the Spotted Dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula,
and the Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna lewini
W. Gary Anderson,* Mohamed F. Ali, Ingibjošrg E. EinarsdoŽttir,
Lauge Schašffer,§ Neil Hazon,* and J. Michael Conlon,1
*Gatty Marine Laboratory, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 8LB, United Kingdom;
Regulatory Peptide Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine,
Omaha, Nebraska 68178; Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Gošteborg University, SE 40530 Gošteborg,
Sweden; and §Department of Insulin Research, Novo Nordisk, 2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark
Accepted January 17, 2002
Insulin was purified from pancreatic extracts of two elas-
mobranch species belonging to different families in
the order Carcharhiniformes, the European spotted
dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula (Scyliorhinidae), and the
hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini (Carcharhinidae).
The amino acid sequence of dogfish insulin was estab-
lished as A-chain GIVDHCCRNT10
CSLYDLEGYC20
NQ and
B-chain LPSQHLCGSH10
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