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Summary: NEW MEASURES OF WHITENESS THAT CORRELATE BETTER WITH
PERCEIVED COLOR APPEARANCE
Burak Aksoy+
, Paul D. Fleming*, Margaret K. Joyce and Abhay Sharma
Department of Paper Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Imaging
Center for Coating Development
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, MI 49008
+
Present Address Department of Chemical Engineering
Alabama Center for Paper and Bioresource Engineering
Auburn, AL 36849
* Corresponding author. Tel.: (269) 276 3511; fax: (269) 276 3501
E-mail address: dan.fleming@wmich.edu
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ABSTRACT
Whiteness formulas currently in use satisfactorily characterize the appearance of commercial
whiteness. However, these formulas are generally unsuccessful in assessing tinted samples with
chromaticities placed near the borders of "white" colors. Here, new whiteness formulas are
proposed. These are compared with CIE, Hunter and Ganz whiteness formulas and TAPPI
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