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Summary: LETTERS
Fractional quantum Hall effect and insulating phase
of Dirac electrons in graphene
Xu Du1
{, Ivan Skachko1
, Fabian Duerr1
, Adina Luican1
& Eva Y. Andrei1
In graphene, which is an atomic layer of crystalline carbon, two of
thedistinguishingpropertiesofthematerial arethechargecarriers'
two-dimensional and relativistic character. The first experimental
evidence of the two-dimensional nature of graphene came from the
observation of a sequence of plateaus in measurements of its trans-
port properties in the presence of an applied magnetic field1,2
.
These are signatures of the so-called integer quantum Hall effect.
However,asa consequenceoftherelativisticcharacterofthecharge
carriers, the integer quantum Hall effect observed in graphene is
qualitatively different from its semiconductor analogue3
. As a third
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