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Summary: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Interplay between the levels of estrogen and estrogen receptor controls the
level of the granzyme inhibitor, proteinase inhibitor 9 and susceptibility to
immune surveillance by natural killer cells
X Jiang1
, SJ Ellison2
, ET Alarid2
and DJ Shapiro1
1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA and 2
Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, WI, USA
Estrogens promote cell proliferation and metastases in
several human cancers. Here, we describe a different
action of estrogens likely to contribute to tumor develop-
ment-blocking immunosurveillance. In breast cancer cells,
increasing concentrations of estrogen induce increasing
levels of the granzyme B inhibitor, SerpinB9/proteinase
inhibitor 9 (PI-9) and progressively block cell death
induced by NK92 natural killer (NK) cells, but do not
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