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Summary: Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Is Required
for Defenses against Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxin In
Vivo
Larry J. Bischof1€
, Cheng-Yuan Kao1
, Ferdinand C. O. Los1
, Manuel R. Gonzalez2
, Zhouxin Shen1
,
Steven P. Briggs1
, F. Gisou van der Goot2
, Raffi V. Aroian1
*
1 Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America, 2 Global Health Institute, Ecole
Polytechnique FeŽdeŽrale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) constitute the single largest class of proteinaceous bacterial virulence factors and are made by
many of the most important bacterial pathogens. Host responses to these toxins are complex and poorly understood. We find
that the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated upon exposure to PFTs both in Caenorhabditis
elegans and in mammalian cells. Activation of the UPR is protective in vivo against PFTs since animals that lack either the ire-1-
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