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Summary: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING DRAFT December 20, 2003 1
Estimation of Heart-Surface Potentials Using
Regularized Multipole Sources
Daryl G. Beetner and R. Martin Arthur
Abstract Direct inference of heart-surface from body-
surface potentials has been the goal of most recent work on
electrocardiographic inverse solutions. We developed and
tested indirect methods for inferring heart-surface poten-
tials based on estimation of regularized multipole sources.
Regularization was done using Tikhonov, constrained-
least-squares, and multipole-truncation techniques. These
multipole-equivalent methods (MEM) were compared to the
conventional mixed boundary-value method (BVM) in a re-
alistic torso model with up to 20% noise added to body-
surface potentials and ± 1 cm error in heart position and
size. Optimal regularization was used for all inverse solu-
tions. The relative error of inferred heart-surface potentials
of the MEM was significantly less (p < 0.05) than that of
the BVM using zero-order Tikhonov regularization in 10 of
the 12 cases tested. These improvements occurred with a
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