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Summary: Closed-Loop Feedback Control of Phased-Array
Microwave Heating Using Thermal Measurements
from Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B. BEHNIA, M. SUTHAR, A. G. WEBB
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
ABSTRACT: Microwave heating is a promising technique for hyperthermia treatment of
tumors, but is not yet a standard clinical method. Problems include the inability to control
automatically and noninvasively the temporal and spatial temperature behavior. Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to map thermal changes via phase shifts in gradient-
echo images and has recently been incorporated into simple feedback systems for ultra-
sound heating. In this paper, we show the first demonstration of closed-loop feedback
control of microwave heating using MRI-derived maps of both temperature and specific
absorption rate as the inputs to a feedback algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concepts in Magnetic Resonance (Magn Reson Engineering) 15: 101110, 2002.
KEY WORDS: magnetic resonance imaging; phased-array microwave; feedback control
INTRODUCTION
Recent results from a multicenter study have indicated
that hyperthermia treatment of tumors can signifi-
cantly improve control of tumor growth and increase
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