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Summary: IEEE Wireless Communications · April 2010 7
INTRODUCTION
The tremendous and rapid development of wire-
less access technologies has facilitated easy con-
nections to the Internet with broadband services.
Wireless LAN, Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access (WiMAX), and third-genera-
tion (3G) cellular systems provide high-speed
access to networks. The convergence of such
networks is essential for achieving ubiquitous
networking, and Internet Protocol (IP) is used
for integrating these heterogeneous networks. In
response to the broadbandization of the media
access control (MAC) layer and the wide use of
IP, the role of Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP) in controlling the transmission rate over
IP networks has also been expanded.
Although TCP is the de facto standard conges-
tion control protocol in the Internet, its shortcom-
ings in the heterogeneous environment are widely
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