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Summary: Temperature Distributions within Zeolite Precursor Solutions in the Presence of
Microwaves
Murad Gharibeh,
Geoffrey Tompsett,
Fan Lu,
Scott M. Auerbach,,§
K. Sigfrid Yngvesson,
and W. C. Conner*,
Department of Chemical Engineering, 159 Goessmann Laboratory, UniVersity of MassachusettssAmherst,
Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, Department of Chemistry, 104 Lederle Graduate Research Tower, UniVersity of
MassachusettssAmherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, and Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, 201 Marcus Hall, UniVersity of MassachusettssAmherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
ReceiVed: January 14, 2009; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed: March 5, 2009
While microwave enhancement of chemical syntheses has been demonstrated for a broad variety of chemical
reactions, there is no accepted universal mechanism. Is the enhancement due to more efficient heating, to
overheating, to nonuniform heating, or to nonthermal effects? Analyses are complicated due to the often
significant spatial and temporal temperature variations in microwave reactor systems, particularly within
microwave ovens. To address this, we employ multiple fiber-optic temperature probes throughout a cylindrical
reactor with a focus on zeolite synthesis solutions being the dielectric medium. First, we vary the modes of
power delivery (pulsed versus continuous) to quantify differences in local temperatures within a reaction
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