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Summary: Behavioral Conflict, Anterior Cingulate Cortex,
and Experiment Duration:
Implications of Diverging Data
Kirk I. Erickson,1* Michael P. Milham,1
Stanley J. Colcombe,1
Arthur F. Kramer,1
Marie T. Banich,2
Andrew Webb,1
and Neal J. Cohen1
1
Beckman Institute and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois
2
University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
Abstract: We investigated the relationship between behavioral measures of conflict and the degree of
activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We reanalyzed an existing data set that employed the
Stroop task using functional magnetic resonance imaging [Milham et al., Brain Cogn 2002;49:277296].
Although we found no changes in the behavioral measures of conflict from the first to the second half of
task performance, we found a reliable reduction in the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex. This result
suggests the lack of a strong relationship between behavioral measurements of conflict and anterior
cingulate activity. A concomitant increase in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was also found, which
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