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Summary: EPC RFID Tags in Security Applications:
Passport Cards, Enhanced Drivers Licenses, and Beyond
Karl Koscher
University of Washington
Ari Juels
RSA Labs
Tadayoshi Kohno
University of Washington
Vjekoslav Brajkovic
University of Washington
ABSTRACT
EPC (Electronic Product Code) tags are industry-standard
RFID devices poised to supplant optical barcodes in many
applications. They are prevalent in case and pallet track-
ing, and also percolating into individual consumer items and
border-crossing documents.
In this paper, we explore the systemic risks and challenges
created by increasingly common use of EPC for security ap-
plications. As a central case study, we examine the recently
issued United States Passport Card and Washington State
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