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Summary: A Personal Perspective on the History of the
Numerical Analysis of Fredholm Integral
Equations of the Second Kind
Kendall Atkinson
The University of Iowa
July 25, 2008
Abstract
This is a personal perspective on the development of numerical meth-
ods for solving Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, discussing
work being done principally during the 1950s and 1960s. The princi-
pal types of numerical methods being studied were projection methods
(Galerkin, collocation) and Nyström methods. During the 1950s and
1960s, functional analysis became the framework for the analysis of nu-
merical methods for solving integral equations, and this inuenced the
questions being asked. This paper looks at the history of the analyses
being done at that time.
1 Introduction
This memoir is about the history of the numerical analysis associated with
solving the integral equation
x(s)
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