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Summary: 2228 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 57, NO. 4, JULY 2008
Spatial Modulation
Raed Y. Mesleh, Member, IEEE, Harald Haas, Member, IEEE, Sinan Sinanovi´c,
Chang Wook Ahn, Member, IEEE, and Sangboh Yun, Member, IEEE
Abstract--Spatial modulation (SM) is a recently developed
transmission technique that uses multiple antennas. The basic idea
is to map a block of information bits to two information carrying
units: 1) a symbol that was chosen from a constellation diagram
and 2) a unique transmit antenna number that was chosen from
a set of transmit antennas. The use of the transmit antenna num-
ber as an information-bearing unit increases the overall spectral
efficiency by the base-two logarithm of the number of transmit
antennas. At the receiver, a maximum receive ratio combining
algorithm is used to retrieve the transmitted block of information
bits. Here, we apply SM to orthogonal frequency division multi-
plexing (OFDM) transmission. We develop an analytical approach
for symbol error ratio (SER) analysis of the SM algorithm in
independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh channels. The
analytical and simulation results closely match. The performance
and the receiver complexity of the SMOFDM technique are
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