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Summary: TheJournalofExperimentalMedicine
ARTICLE
www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20052056 Cite by DOI: 10.1084/jem.20052056 1 of 12
Regulatory cells, by virtue of their capacity to
control the vigor of immune responses, are es-
sential to the maintenance of host homeostasis
(1, 2). Several types of CD4 regulatory T
(T reg) cells exist, some of which are induced
in response to infectious challenge (so-called
inducible T reg cells or antigen-speci c T reg
cells), and some of which are considered natu-
rally occurring regulators (natural T reg cells;
reference 3). Inducible T reg cells, such as Tr1
or TH3 cells, can develop from conventional
CD4 T cells that are exposed to speci c stim-
ulatory conditions (35). Natural T reg cells,
however, arise during the normal process of
maturation in the thymus and express a speci c
set of cell surface markers (for review see
references 1 and 6). Recent studies also indi-
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