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Summary: Copyright Ó 2007 by the Genetics Society of America
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.072769
A Complex Genetic Interaction Between Arabidopsis thaliana TOC1 and
CCA1/LHY in Driving the Circadian Clock and in Output Regulation
Zhaojun Ding,* Mark R. Doyle,
Richard M. Amasino
and Seth J. Davis*,1
*Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany and
Department of Biochemistry,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544
Manuscript received March 1, 2007
Accepted for publication April 30, 2007
ABSTRACT
It has been proposed that CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) and LATE ELONGATED
HYPOCOTYL (LHY) together with TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) make up the central
oscillator of the Arabidopsis thaliana circadian clock. These genes thus drive rhythmic outputs, including
seasonal control of flowering and photomorphogenesis. To test various clock models and to disclose the
genetic relationship between TOC1 and CCA1/LHY in floral induction and photomorphogenesis, we
constructed the cca1 lhy toc1 triple mutant and cca1 toc1 and lhy toc1 double mutants and tested various
rhythmic responses and circadian output regulation. Here we report that rhythmic activity was dra-
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