Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet

Karp, Joel S; Surti, Suleman

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Title: Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet

Abstract

A Lanthanum Halide scintillator (for example LaCl.sub.3 and LaBr.sub.3) with fast decay time and good timing resolution, as well as high light output and good energy resolution, is used in the design of a PET scanner. The PET scanner includes a cavity for accepting a patient and a plurality of PET detector modules arranged in an approximately cylindrical configuration about the cavity. Each PET detector includes a Lanthanum Halide scintillator having a plurality of Lanthanum Halide crystals, a light guide, and a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged respectively peripherally around the cavity. The good timing resolution enables a time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanner to be developed that exhibits a reduction in noise propagation during image reconstruction and a gain in the signal-to-noise ratio. Such a PET scanner includes a time stamp circuit that records the time of receipt of gamma rays by respective PET detectors and provides timing data outputs that are provided to a processor that, in turn, calculates time-of-flight (TOF) of gamma rays through a patient in the cavity and uses the TOF of gamma rays in the reconstruction of images of the patient.

Inventors:

Karp, Joel S ^[1]; Surti, Suleman ^[2]

Glenside, PA
Philadelphia, PA

Issue Date:: Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2008

Research Org.:: University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 983063

Patent Number(s):: 7381958

Application Number:: 10/706,799

Assignee:: The Trustees of The University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: A - HUMAN NECESSITIES A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE A61B - DIAGNOSIS

G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01T - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION

Show more

A - HUMAN NECESSITIES A61 - MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE A61B - DIAGNOSIS
A61B6/037 - {Emission tomography

G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01T - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
G01T1/2985 - {In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters

Show less

DOE Contract Number:: FG02-88ER60642

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

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                    Karp, Joel S, and Surti, Suleman. Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet.  United States: N. p., 2008. 
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                    Karp, Joel S, & Surti, Suleman. Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet.  United States.

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                    Karp, Joel S, and Surti, Suleman. Tue .  
        "Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/983063.

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@article{osti_983063,

  title        = {Lanthanum halide scintillators for time-of-flight 3-D pet},

  author       = {Karp, Joel S and Surti, Suleman},

  abstractNote = {A Lanthanum Halide scintillator (for example LaCl.sub.3 and LaBr.sub.3) with fast decay time and good timing resolution, as well as high light output and good energy resolution, is used in the design of a PET scanner. The PET scanner includes a cavity for accepting a patient and a plurality of PET detector modules arranged in an approximately cylindrical configuration about the cavity. Each PET detector includes a Lanthanum Halide scintillator having a plurality of Lanthanum Halide crystals, a light guide, and a plurality of photomultiplier tubes arranged respectively peripherally around the cavity. The good timing resolution enables a time-of-flight (TOF) PET scanner to be developed that exhibits a reduction in noise propagation during image reconstruction and a gain in the signal-to-noise ratio. Such a PET scanner includes a time stamp circuit that records the time of receipt of gamma rays by respective PET detectors and provides timing data outputs that are provided to a processor that, in turn, calculates time-of-flight (TOF) of gamma rays through a patient in the cavity and uses the TOF of gamma rays in the reconstruction of images of the patient.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2008},

  month        = {Tue Jun 03 00:00:00 EDT 2008}

}

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Karp, Joel
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Lu_1-xI₃:Ce_x—a scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy and time-of-flight PET

Patent Shah, Kanai S.

The present invention concerns very fast scintillator materials comprising lutetium iodide doped with Cerium (Lu_1-xI₃:Ce_x; LuI₃:Ce). The LuI₃ scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention provide compositions capable of resolving the position of an annihilation event within a portion of a human body cross-section.
Full Text Available
Lu1-xI3:Cex--A Scintillator for gamma ray spectroscopy and time-of-flight PET

Patent Shah, Kanai S [Newton, MA]

The present invention concerns very fast scintillator materials comprising lutetium iodide doped with Cerium Lu.sub.1-xI.sub.3:Ce.sub.x; LuI.sub.3:Ce). The LuI.sub.3 scintillator material has surprisingly good characteristics including high light output, high gamma ray stopping efficiency, fast response, low cost, good proportionality, and minimal afterglow that the material is useful for gamma ray spectroscopy, medical imaging, nuclear and high energy physics research, diffraction, non-destructive testing, nuclear treaty verification and safeguards, and geological exploration. The timing resolution of the scintillators of the present invention provide compositions capable of resolving the position of an annihilation event within a portion of a human body cross-section.
Full Text Available
Scintillator materials containing lanthanum fluorides

Patent Moses, William W [Berkeley, CA]

An improved radiation detector containing a crystalline mixture of LaF.sub.3 and CeF.sub.3 as the scintillator element is disclosed. Scintillators made with from 25% to 99.5% LaF.sub.3 and the remainder CeF.sub.3 have been found to provide a balance of good stopping power, high light yield and short decay constant that is equal to or superior to other known scintillator materials, and which may be processed from natural starting materials containing both rare earth elements. The radiation detectors disclosed are favorably suited for use in general purpose detection and in positron emission tomography.
Full Text Available

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Citation Formats

Real-Time Image Reconstruction for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOFPET) journal, January 1982

Design evaluation of a-pet: a high sensitivity animal pet camera journal, October 2003

A comparison of PET detector modules employing rectangular and round photomultiplier tubes journal, January 1995

High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce3+ activated LaBr3 journal, September 2001

Optical and scintillation properties of cerium-doped LaCl3, LuBr3 and LuCl3 journal, December 1999

Image Reconstruction and Noise Evaluation in Photon Time-of-Flight Assisted Positron Emission Tomography journal, January 1981

Timing properties of GSO, LSO and other Ce doped scintillators journal, March 1996

Singles transmission in volume-imaging PET with a 137 Cs source journal, May 1995

A scheme for accidental coincidence correction in time-of-flight positron tomography: theory and implementation journal, February 1988

Fast accurate iterative reconstruction for low-statistics positron volume imaging journal, April 1998

An experimental evaluation of the effect of time-of-flight information in image reconstructions for the Scanditronix/PETT Electronics SP-3000 positron emission tomograph-preliminary results journal, January 1989

Results of a Comparative Study of a Reconstruction Procedure for Producing Improved Estimates of Radioactivity Distributions in Time-of-Flight Emission Tomography journal, January 1984

Some Noise Comparisons of Data-Collection Arrays for Emission Tomography-Systems Having Time-of-Flight Measurements journal, January 1982

High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce3+ activated LaCl3 journal, September 2000

Evemt Localization in a Continuous Scintillation Detector Using Digital Processing journal, January 1986

Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate: a fast, efficient new scintillator journal, January 1992

Superpett 3000 time-of-flight PET tomograph: optimization of factors affecting quantitation journal, April 1993

Optimization of a fully 3D single scatter simulation algorithm for 3D PET journal, June 2004

Energy resolution of scintillation detectors readout with large area avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers journal, June 1998

Physical characteristics of TTV03, a new high spatial resolution time-of-flight positron tomograph journal, April 1990

Prospects for time-of-flight PET using LSO scintillator journal, June 1999

Characteristics of Small Barium Fluoride (BaF2) Scintillator for High Intrinsic Resolution Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography journal, January 1984

Further study of scintillation counters with BaF2 crystals for time-of-flight positron tomography in medicine journal, October 1984

Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials journal, July 2002

Time of flight in pet revisited journal, October 2003

A Technique for the Correction of Scattered Radiation in a PET System Using Time-of-Flight Information journal, January 1986

An analog decoding BGO block detector using circular photomultipliers journal, August 1995

Performance of a position-sensitive scintillation detector journal, July 1985

Application of the row action maximum likelihood algorithm with spherical basis functions to clinical PET imaging journal, January 2001

Recent progress in fast timing with CsF scintillators in application to time-of-flight positron tomography in medicine journal, January 1983

Design of a lanthanum bromide detector for TOF PET conference, January 2003

Super PETT I: A Positron Emission Tomograph Utilizing Photon Time-of-Flight Information journal, November 1982

Experimental Assessment of the Gain Achieved by the Utilization of Time-of-Flight Information in a Positron Emission Tomograph (Super PETT I) journal, November 1982

Image quality assessment of LaBr/sub 3/ based 3D PET scanners conference, January 2004

Inorganic scintillation detectors in γ-ray spectrometry journal, June 2003

Improving the performance of the SP-3000 PET detector modules journal, January 1992

Effects of scintillation light collection on the time resolution of a time-of-flight detector for annihilation quanta journal, April 1990

Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging journal, April 2002

Performance measurements of a pixelated NaI(T1) PET scanner journal, June 2003

Some Signal Processing Aspects of Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOFPET) System Implementation journal, January 1983

Design and performance of the HEAD PENN-PET scanner journal, January 1994

Slotted surface treatment of position-sensitive NaI(Tl) detectors to improve detector performance journal, January 2001

The high count rate performance of a two-dimensionally position-sensitive detector for positron emission tomography journal, April 1989

Preliminary Results with TOFPET journal, January 1983

Optimizing the performance of a PET detector using discrete GSO crystals on a continuous lightguide journal, June 2000

LaBr/sub 3/:Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy journal, December 2003

Investigation of Lanthanum scintillators for 3-D PET journal, June 2003

Data processing and image reconstruction methods for the HEAD PENN-PET scanner journal, June 1998

Time-of-flight positron imaging and the resolution improvement by an iterative method journal, January 1989

Scintillation properties of LSO:Ce boules journal, June 2000

A Multicrystal Two Dimensional BGO Detector System for Positron Emission Tomography journal, January 1986

Time-of-flight PET journal, July 1998

An Iterative Image Space Reconstruction Algorthm Suitable for Volume ECT journal, June 1986

List-mode likelihood: EM algorithm and image quality estimation demonstrated on 2-D PET journal, April 1998

Cerium doped GSO scintillators and its application to position sensitive detectors journal, January 1989

Effect of random and scatter fractions in variance reduction using time-of-flight information conference, January 2004

LaCl3:Ce scintillator for γ-ray detection journal, June 2003

Evaluation of pixelated NaI(T) detectors for PET journal, February 2003

Is LSO the future of PET? journal, November 2002

High-resolution image reconstruction method for time-of-flight positron emission tomography journal, October 2000

Real-Time Image Reconstruction for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOFPET)
journal, January 1982

Design evaluation of a-pet: a high sensitivity animal pet camera
journal, October 2003

A comparison of PET detector modules employing rectangular and round photomultiplier tubes
journal, January 1995

High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce³⁺ activated LaBr₃
journal, September 2001

Optical and scintillation properties of cerium-doped LaCl₃, LuBr₃ and LuCl₃
journal, December 1999

Image Reconstruction and Noise Evaluation in Photon Time-of-Flight Assisted Positron Emission Tomography
journal, January 1981

Timing properties of GSO, LSO and other Ce doped scintillators
journal, March 1996

Singles transmission in volume-imaging PET with a ¹³⁷ Cs source
journal, May 1995

A scheme for accidental coincidence correction in time-of-flight positron tomography: theory and implementation
journal, February 1988

Fast accurate iterative reconstruction for low-statistics positron volume imaging
journal, April 1998

An experimental evaluation of the effect of time-of-flight information in image reconstructions for the Scanditronix/PETT Electronics SP-3000 positron emission tomograph-preliminary results
journal, January 1989

Results of a Comparative Study of a Reconstruction Procedure for Producing Improved Estimates of Radioactivity Distributions in Time-of-Flight Emission Tomography
journal, January 1984

Some Noise Comparisons of Data-Collection Arrays for Emission Tomography-Systems Having Time-of-Flight Measurements
journal, January 1982

High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce3+ activated LaCl3
journal, September 2000

Evemt Localization in a Continuous Scintillation Detector Using Digital Processing
journal, January 1986

Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate: a fast, efficient new scintillator
journal, January 1992

Superpett 3000 time-of-flight PET tomograph: optimization of factors affecting quantitation
journal, April 1993

Optimization of a fully 3D single scatter simulation algorithm for 3D PET
journal, June 2004

Energy resolution of scintillation detectors readout with large area avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers
journal, June 1998

Physical characteristics of TTV03, a new high spatial resolution time-of-flight positron tomograph
journal, April 1990

Prospects for time-of-flight PET using LSO scintillator
journal, June 1999

Characteristics of Small Barium Fluoride (BaF2) Scintillator for High Intrinsic Resolution Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography
journal, January 1984

Further study of scintillation counters with BaF2 crystals for time-of-flight positron tomography in medicine
journal, October 1984

Current trends in scintillator detectors and materials
journal, July 2002

Time of flight in pet revisited
journal, October 2003

A Technique for the Correction of Scattered Radiation in a PET System Using Time-of-Flight Information
journal, January 1986

An analog decoding BGO block detector using circular photomultipliers
journal, August 1995

Performance of a position-sensitive scintillation detector
journal, July 1985

Application of the row action maximum likelihood algorithm with spherical basis functions to clinical PET imaging
journal, January 2001

Recent progress in fast timing with CsF scintillators in application to time-of-flight positron tomography in medicine
journal, January 1983

Design of a lanthanum bromide detector for TOF PET
conference, January 2003

Super PETT I: A Positron Emission Tomograph Utilizing Photon Time-of-Flight Information
journal, November 1982

Experimental Assessment of the Gain Achieved by the Utilization of Time-of-Flight Information in a Positron Emission Tomograph (Super PETT I)
journal, November 1982

Image quality assessment of LaBr/sub 3/ based 3D PET scanners
conference, January 2004

Inorganic scintillation detectors in γ-ray spectrometry
journal, June 2003

Improving the performance of the SP-3000 PET detector modules
journal, January 1992

Effects of scintillation light collection on the time resolution of a time-of-flight detector for annihilation quanta
journal, April 1990

Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging
journal, April 2002

Performance measurements of a pixelated NaI(T1) PET scanner
journal, June 2003

Some Signal Processing Aspects of Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOFPET) System Implementation
journal, January 1983

Design and performance of the HEAD PENN-PET scanner
journal, January 1994

Slotted surface treatment of position-sensitive NaI(Tl) detectors to improve detector performance
journal, January 2001

The high count rate performance of a two-dimensionally position-sensitive detector for positron emission tomography
journal, April 1989

Preliminary Results with TOFPET
journal, January 1983

Optimizing the performance of a PET detector using discrete GSO crystals on a continuous lightguide
journal, June 2000

LaBr/sub 3/:Ce scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy
journal, December 2003

Investigation of Lanthanum scintillators for 3-D PET
journal, June 2003

Data processing and image reconstruction methods for the HEAD PENN-PET scanner
journal, June 1998

Time-of-flight positron imaging and the resolution improvement by an iterative method
journal, January 1989

Scintillation properties of LSO:Ce boules
journal, June 2000

A Multicrystal Two Dimensional BGO Detector System for Positron Emission Tomography
journal, January 1986

Time-of-flight PET
journal, July 1998

An Iterative Image Space Reconstruction Algorthm Suitable for Volume ECT
journal, June 1986

List-mode likelihood: EM algorithm and image quality estimation demonstrated on 2-D PET
journal, April 1998

Cerium doped GSO scintillators and its application to position sensitive detectors
journal, January 1989

Effect of random and scatter fractions in variance reduction using time-of-flight information
conference, January 2004

LaCl3:Ce scintillator for γ-ray detection
journal, June 2003

Evaluation of pixelated NaI(T) detectors for PET
journal, February 2003

Is LSO the future of PET?
journal, November 2002

High-resolution image reconstruction method for time-of-flight positron emission tomography
journal, October 2000