Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers

Lowden, Richard A; McCoig, Thomas M; Dooley, Joseph B; Smith, Cyrus M

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A - human necessities
A01 - agriculture
A21 - baking
A22 - butchering
A23 - foods or foodstuffs
A24 - tobacco
A41 - wearing apparel
A42 - headwear
A43 - footwear
A44 - haberdashery
A45 - hand or travelling articles
A46 - brushware
A47 - furniture
A61 - medical or veterinary science
A62 - life-saving
A63 - sports
A99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
B - performing operations
B01 - physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general
B02 - crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating
B03 - separation of solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic tables or jigs
B04 - centrifugal apparatus or machines for carrying-out physical or chemical processes
B05 - spraying or atomising in general
B06 - generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations in general
B07 - separating solids from solids
B08 - cleaning
B09 - disposal of solid waste
B21 - mechanical metal-working without essentially removing material
B22 - casting
B23 - machine tools
B24 - grinding
B25 - hand tools
B26 - hand cutting tools
B27 - working or preserving wood or similar material
B28 - working cement, clay, or stone
B29 - working of plastics
B30 - presses
B31 - making articles of paper, cardboard or material worked in a manner analogous to paper
B32 - layered products
B33 - additive manufacturing technology
B41 - printing
B42 - bookbinding
B43 - writing or drawing implements
B44 - decorative arts
B60 - vehicles in general
B61 - railways
B62 - land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails
B63 - ships or other waterborne vessels
B64 - aircraft
B65 - conveying
B66 - hoisting
B67 - opening, closing {or cleaning} bottles, jars or similar containers
B68 - saddlery
B81 - microstructural technology
B82 - nanotechnology
B99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
C - chemistry
C01 - inorganic chemistry
C02 - treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge
C03 - glass
C04 - cements
C05 - fertilisers
C06 - explosives
C07 - organic chemistry
C08 - organic macromolecular compounds
C09 - dyes
C10 - petroleum, gas or coke industries
C11 - animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes
C12 - biochemistry
C13 - sugar industry
C14 - skins
C21 - metallurgy of iron
C22 - metallurgy
C23 - coating metallic material
C25 - electrolytic or electrophoretic processes
C30 - crystal growth
C40 - combinatorial technology
C99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
D - textiles
D01 - natural or man-made threads or fibres
D02 - yarns
D03 - weaving
D04 - braiding
D05 - sewing
D06 - treatment of textiles or the like
D07 - ropes
D10 - indexing scheme associated with sublasses of section d, relating to textiles
D21 - paper-making
D99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
E - fixed constructions
E01 - construction of roads, railways, or bridges
E02 - hydraulic engineering
E03 - water supply
E04 - building
E05 - locks
E06 - doors, windows, shutters, or roller blinds in general
E21 - earth drilling
E99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
F - mechanical engineering
F01 - machines or engines in general
F02 - combustion engines
F03 - machines or engines for liquids
F04 - positive - displacement machines for liquids
F05 - indexing schemes relating to engines or pumps in various subclasses of classes f01-f04
F15 - fluid-pressure actuators
F16 - engineering elements and units
F17 - storing or distributing gases or liquids
F21 - lighting
F22 - steam generation
F23 - combustion apparatus
F24 - heating
F25 - refrigeration or cooling
F26 - drying
F27 - furnaces
F28 - heat exchange in general
F41 - weapons
F42 - ammunition
F99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
G - physics
G01 - measuring
G02 - optics
G03 - photography
G04 - horology
G05 - controlling
G06 - computing
G07 - checking-devices
G08 - signalling
G09 - education
G10 - musical instruments
G11 - information storage
G12 - instrument details
G16 - information and communication technology [ict] specially adapted for specific application fields
G21 - nuclear physics
G99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
H - electricity
H01 - basic electric elements
H02 - generation
H03 - basic electronic circuitry
H04 - electric communication technique
H05 - electric techniques not otherwise provided for
H99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
Y - new / cross sectional technologies
Y02 - technologies or applications for mitigation or adaptation against climate change
Y04 - information or communication technologies having an impact on other technology areas
Y10 - technical subjects covered by former uspc

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Title: Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers

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Abstract

A solid object having controlled frangibility, such as a bullet or a container for explosives, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A wetting material is deposited on the base constituent which is made of a relative dense, hard material. The wetting material enhances the wettability of the base constituent with the binder constituent, which is lighter and softer than the base constituent.

Inventors:

Lowden, Richard A ^[1]; McCoig, Thomas M ^[2]; Dooley, Joseph B ^[3]; Smith, Cyrus M ^[4]

Clinton, TN
Maryville, TN
Kingston, TN
Knoxville, TN

Issue Date:: Tue Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2001

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 873494

Patent Number(s):: 6174494

Application Number:: 09/044913

Assignee:: Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, Inc. (Oak Ridge, TN)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B22 - CASTING B22F - WORKING METALLIC POWDER

F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F42 - AMMUNITION F42B - EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION

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B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B22 - CASTING B22F - WORKING METALLIC POWDER
B22F2998/00 - Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy

F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F42 - AMMUNITION F42B - EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
F42B1/036 - Manufacturing processes therefor {
F42B12/74 - of the core or solid body
F42B3/28 - Cartridge cases characterised by the material used, e.g. coatings
F42B7/046 - {Pellets or shot therefor}

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DOE Contract Number:: AC05-84OR21400

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: non-lead; environmentally; safe; projectiles; explosives; containers; solid; controlled; frangibility; bullet; container; combining; metals; proportions; calculated; achieve; desired; density; lead; wetting; material; deposited; base; constituent; relative; dense; hard; enhances; wettability; binder; lighter; softer; safe projectiles; proportions calculated; environmentally safe; base constituent; desired density; binder constituent; hard material; controlled frangibility; /419/102/

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                    Lowden, Richard A, McCoig, Thomas M, Dooley, Joseph B, and Smith, Cyrus M. Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers.  United States: N. p., 2001. 
        Web.

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                    Lowden, Richard A, McCoig, Thomas M, Dooley, Joseph B, & Smith, Cyrus M. Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers.  United States.

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                    Lowden, Richard A, McCoig, Thomas M, Dooley, Joseph B, and Smith, Cyrus M. Tue .  
        "Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873494.

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@article{osti_873494,

  title        = {Non-lead, environmentally safe projectiles and explosives containers},

  author       = {Lowden, Richard A and McCoig, Thomas M and Dooley, Joseph B and Smith, Cyrus M},

  abstractNote = {A solid object having controlled frangibility, such as a bullet or a container for explosives, is made by combining two different metals in proportions calculated to achieve a desired density, without using lead. A wetting material is deposited on the base constituent which is made of a relative dense, hard material. The wetting material enhances the wettability of the base constituent with the binder constituent, which is lighter and softer than the base constituent.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2001},

  month        = {Tue Jan 16 00:00:00 EST 2001}

}

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