Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons
Abstract
Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbon feed material. The feed material is caused to flow over a heated catalyst which fosters the water-gas shift reaction (H.sub.2 O+COH.sub.2 +CO.sub.2) and the methane steam reforming reaction (CH.sub.4 +H.sub.2 O3 H.sub.2 +CO). Both of these reactions proceed only to partial completion. However, by use of a Pd/Ag membrane which is exclusively permeable to hydrogen isotopes in the vicinity of the above reactions and by maintaining a vacuum on the permeate side of the membrane, product hydrogen isotopes are removed and the reactions are caused to proceed further toward completion. A two-stage palladium membrane reactor was tested with a feed composition of 28% CQ.sub.4, 35% Q.sub.2 O (where Q=H, D, or T), and 31% Ar in 31 hours of continuous operation during which 4.5 g of tritium were processed. Decontamination factors were found to increase with decreasing inlet rate. The first stage was observed to have a decontamination factor of approximately 200, while the second stage had a decontamination factor of 2.9.times.10.sup.6. The overall decontamination factor was 5.8.times.10.sup.8. When a Pt/.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst is employed, decoking could be performed without catalyst degradation. However, by adjusting the carbonmore »
- Inventors:
-
- Los Alamos, NM
- Issue Date:
- Research Org.:
- Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 873463
- Patent Number(s):
- 6165438
- Assignee:
- Regents of University of California (Los Alamos, NM)
- Patent Classifications (CPCs):
-
B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-36
- Resource Type:
- Patent
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- apparatus; method; simultaneous; recovery; hydrogen; water; hydrocarbons; hydrocarbon; feed; material; caused; flow; heated; catalyst; fosters; water-gas; shift; reaction; coh; methane; steam; reforming; o3; reactions; proceed; partial; completion; pd; membrane; exclusively; permeable; isotopes; vicinity; maintaining; vacuum; permeate; product; removed; two-stage; palladium; reactor; tested; composition; 28; cq; 35; 31; hours; continuous; operation; tritium; processed; decontamination; factors; found; increase; decreasing; inlet; rate; stage; observed; factor; approximately; 200; times; 10; overall; alpha; -al; employed; decoking; performed; degradation; adjusting; carbon; oxygen; ratio; addition; coking; altogether; avoided; membrane reactor; simultaneous recovery; decontamination factor; hydrogen isotope; continuous operation; feed material; steam reforming; hydrogen isotopes; shift reaction; reforming reaction; oxygen ratio; hydrocarbon feed; gas shift; overall decontamination; palladium membrane; /423/95/422/
Citation Formats
Willms, R Scott, and Birdsell, Stephen A. Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons. United States: N. p., 2000.
Web.
Willms, R Scott, & Birdsell, Stephen A. Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons. United States.
Willms, R Scott, and Birdsell, Stephen A. Sat .
"Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873463.
@article{osti_873463,
title = {Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbons},
author = {Willms, R Scott and Birdsell, Stephen A},
abstractNote = {Apparatus and method for simultaneous recovery of hydrogen from water and from hydrocarbon feed material. The feed material is caused to flow over a heated catalyst which fosters the water-gas shift reaction (H.sub.2 O+COH.sub.2 +CO.sub.2) and the methane steam reforming reaction (CH.sub.4 +H.sub.2 O3 H.sub.2 +CO). Both of these reactions proceed only to partial completion. However, by use of a Pd/Ag membrane which is exclusively permeable to hydrogen isotopes in the vicinity of the above reactions and by maintaining a vacuum on the permeate side of the membrane, product hydrogen isotopes are removed and the reactions are caused to proceed further toward completion. A two-stage palladium membrane reactor was tested with a feed composition of 28% CQ.sub.4, 35% Q.sub.2 O (where Q=H, D, or T), and 31% Ar in 31 hours of continuous operation during which 4.5 g of tritium were processed. Decontamination factors were found to increase with decreasing inlet rate. The first stage was observed to have a decontamination factor of approximately 200, while the second stage had a decontamination factor of 2.9.times.10.sup.6. The overall decontamination factor was 5.8.times.10.sup.8. When a Pt/.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst is employed, decoking could be performed without catalyst degradation. However, by adjusting the carbon to oxygen ratio of the feed material with the addition of oxygen, coking could be altogether avoided.},
doi = {},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2000},
month = {Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2000}
}