Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same

Chen, Peng Kevin; Yan, Aidong; Buric, Michael P.; Ohodnicki, Paul R.; Huang, Sheng

Advanced Search OptionsAdvanced Search queries use a traditional Term Search. For more info, see our FAQ.

All Fields:

Patent Title:

Abstract:

Assignee:

Inventor(s):

Patent Number:

Patent Classification (CPC):

All Classifications
A - human necessities
A01 - agriculture
A21 - baking
A22 - butchering
A23 - foods or foodstuffs
A24 - tobacco
A41 - wearing apparel
A42 - headwear
A43 - footwear
A44 - haberdashery
A45 - hand or travelling articles
A46 - brushware
A47 - furniture
A61 - medical or veterinary science
A62 - life-saving
A63 - sports
A99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
B - performing operations
B01 - physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general
B02 - crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating
B03 - separation of solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic tables or jigs
B04 - centrifugal apparatus or machines for carrying-out physical or chemical processes
B05 - spraying or atomising in general
B06 - generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations in general
B07 - separating solids from solids
B08 - cleaning
B09 - disposal of solid waste
B21 - mechanical metal-working without essentially removing material
B22 - casting
B23 - machine tools
B24 - grinding
B25 - hand tools
B26 - hand cutting tools
B27 - working or preserving wood or similar material
B28 - working cement, clay, or stone
B29 - working of plastics
B30 - presses
B31 - making articles of paper, cardboard or material worked in a manner analogous to paper
B32 - layered products
B33 - additive manufacturing technology
B41 - printing
B42 - bookbinding
B43 - writing or drawing implements
B44 - decorative arts
B60 - vehicles in general
B61 - railways
B62 - land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails
B63 - ships or other waterborne vessels
B64 - aircraft
B65 - conveying
B66 - hoisting
B67 - opening, closing {or cleaning} bottles, jars or similar containers
B68 - saddlery
B81 - microstructural technology
B82 - nanotechnology
B99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
C - chemistry
C01 - inorganic chemistry
C02 - treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge
C03 - glass
C04 - cements
C05 - fertilisers
C06 - explosives
C07 - organic chemistry
C08 - organic macromolecular compounds
C09 - dyes
C10 - petroleum, gas or coke industries
C11 - animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes
C12 - biochemistry
C13 - sugar industry
C14 - skins
C21 - metallurgy of iron
C22 - metallurgy
C23 - coating metallic material
C25 - electrolytic or electrophoretic processes
C30 - crystal growth
C40 - combinatorial technology
C99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
D - textiles
D01 - natural or man-made threads or fibres
D02 - yarns
D03 - weaving
D04 - braiding
D05 - sewing
D06 - treatment of textiles or the like
D07 - ropes
D10 - indexing scheme associated with sublasses of section d, relating to textiles
D21 - paper-making
D99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
E - fixed constructions
E01 - construction of roads, railways, or bridges
E02 - hydraulic engineering
E03 - water supply
E04 - building
E05 - locks
E06 - doors, windows, shutters, or roller blinds in general
E21 - earth drilling
E99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
F - mechanical engineering
F01 - machines or engines in general
F02 - combustion engines
F03 - machines or engines for liquids
F04 - positive - displacement machines for liquids
F05 - indexing schemes relating to engines or pumps in various subclasses of classes f01-f04
F15 - fluid-pressure actuators
F16 - engineering elements and units
F17 - storing or distributing gases or liquids
F21 - lighting
F22 - steam generation
F23 - combustion apparatus
F24 - heating
F25 - refrigeration or cooling
F26 - drying
F27 - furnaces
F28 - heat exchange in general
F41 - weapons
F42 - ammunition
F99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
G - physics
G01 - measuring
G02 - optics
G03 - photography
G04 - horology
G05 - controlling
G06 - computing
G07 - checking-devices
G08 - signalling
G09 - education
G10 - musical instruments
G11 - information storage
G12 - instrument details
G16 - information and communication technology [ict] specially adapted for specific application fields
G21 - nuclear physics
G99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
H - electricity
H01 - basic electric elements
H02 - generation
H03 - basic electronic circuitry
H04 - electric communication technique
H05 - electric techniques not otherwise provided for
H99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
Y - new / cross sectional technologies
Y02 - technologies or applications for mitigation or adaptation against climate change
Y04 - information or communication technologies having an impact on other technology areas
Y10 - technical subjects covered by former uspc

More Options ...

Title: Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same

Abstract

A method of making an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes generating a laser beam comprising a plurality of ultrafast pulses, and focusing the laser beam into a core of an optical fiber to form a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spaced nanograting elements each extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of optical fiber. Also, an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes an optical fiber having a longitudinal axis, a core, and a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spaced nanograting elements each extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. Also, a distributed sensing method and system and an energy production system that employs such an optical fiber sensor device.

Inventors:: Chen, Peng Kevin; Yan, Aidong; Buric, Michael P.; Ohodnicki, Paul R.; Huang, Sheng

Issue Date:: Tue Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022

Research Org.:: Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)

OSTI Identifier:: 1986688

Patent Number(s):: 11467338

Application Number:: 16/807,232

Assignee:: University of Pittsburgh—Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education (Pittsburgh, PA)

DOE Contract Number:: FE0028992; NE0008686; CMMI-1300273

Resource Type:: Patent

Resource Relation:: Patent File Date: 03/03/2020

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Chen, Peng Kevin, Yan, Aidong, Buric, Michael P., Ohodnicki, Paul R., and Huang, Sheng. Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
        Web.

Copy to clipboard


                    Chen, Peng Kevin, Yan, Aidong, Buric, Michael P., Ohodnicki, Paul R., & Huang, Sheng. Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same.  United States.

Copy to clipboard


                    Chen, Peng Kevin, Yan, Aidong, Buric, Michael P., Ohodnicki, Paul R., and Huang, Sheng. Tue .  
        "Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1986688.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1986688,

  title        = {Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same},

  author       = {Chen, Peng Kevin and Yan, Aidong and Buric, Michael P. and Ohodnicki, Paul R. and Huang, Sheng},

  abstractNote = {A method of making an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes generating a laser beam comprising a plurality of ultrafast pulses, and focusing the laser beam into a core of an optical fiber to form a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spaced nanograting elements each extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of optical fiber. Also, an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes an optical fiber having a longitudinal axis, a core, and a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spaced nanograting elements each extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the optical fiber. Also, a distributed sensing method and system and an energy production system that employs such an optical fiber sensor device.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022},

  month        = {Tue Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 2022}

}

Copy to clipboard

Patent:

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Method of manufacturing of diffraction grating-based optical identification element
patent, August 2006

Putnam, Martin A.; Moon, John A.; Szczepanek, Paul
US Patent Document 7,092,160
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7092160

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications
patent, October 2005

Wirnsberger, Gernot; Scott, Brian; Huang, Howard C.
US Patent Document 6,952,436
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6952436

Polymer based distributive waveguide sensor for pressure and shear measurement
patent-application, October 2005

Wang, Wei-Chih; Reinhall, Per G.
US Patent Application 11/068938; 20050232532
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20050232532

Siloxane optical waveguides
patent-application, April 2004

Ghoshal, Ramkrisha; Persans, Peter D.; Agarwal, Navnit T.
US Patent Application 10/269246; 20040076391
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20040076391

Optical fiber sensor
patent, December 2012

Monro, Tanya; Ebendorff-Heidepriem, Heike; Smith, Stephen Warren
US Patent Document 8,338,799
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8338799

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications
patent-application, May 2002

Wirnsberger, Gernot; Scott, Brian J.; Huang, Howard C.
US Patent Application 10/002968; 20020065366
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20020065366

Fiber optic moisture sensor
patent, June 1994

Pederson, Henrik; Chu, Linda
US Patent Document 5,319,975
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5319975

Moisture sensor based on evanescent wave light scattering by porous sol-gel silica coating
patent, May 2006

Tao, Shiquan; Singh, Jagdish P.; Winstead, Christopher
US Patent Document 7,037,554
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7037554

Fiber optic gas sensor
patent, September 2010

Chen, Peng; Buric, Michael P.; Swinehart, Philip
US Patent Document 7,792,392
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7792392

Method and apparatus for distributed sensing utilizing optical scattering in optical waveguides
patent, June 2012

Xu, Wei
US Patent Document 8,203,707
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8203707

Apparatus for and methods of sensing evanescent events in a fluid field
patent-application, March 2003

Lyons, Donald R.
US Patent Application 09/953910; 20030059150
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20030059150

Sensing device having a large diameter D-shaped optical waveguide
patent-application, September 2004

Kersey, Alan D.; Sanders, Paul E.; Putnam, Martin A.
US Patent Application 10/756183; 20040179765
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20040179765

Chemical sensor with an indicator dye
patent, November 2010

Sarkisov, Sergey; Mazuruk, Wiaczeslaw
US Patent Document 7,842,243
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7842243

Multimode long period fiber bragg grating machined by ultrafast laser direct writing
patent, May 2008

Singh, Rajminder; Li, Ming; Jia, Jimmy
US Patent Document 7,376,307
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7376307

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in fiber cavities
journal, January 2004

Stewart, George; Atherton, Kathryn; Culshaw, Brian
Optics Letters, Vol. 29, Issue 5
https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.29.000442

Nano-size gas sensor systems
patent, November 2004

Goldstein, Mark K.
US Patent Document 6,819,811
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6819811

Capacitive moisture-sensor
patent, August 1991

Birkle, Siegfried; Kammermaier, Johann; Hammerschmidt, Albert
US Patent Document 5,040,090
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5040090

Chemically Enhanced Gas-Lift for Oil and Gas Wells
patent-application, July 2008

Smith, David R.
US Patent Application 12/020090; 20080179063
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20080179063

Method of determining a position of a substrate in a lithography system, substrate for use in such a method, and lithography system for carrying out such method
patent, August 2018

De Boer, Guido; Vergeer, Niels
US Patent Document 10,054,863
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/10054863

Composite subwavelength-structured waveguide in optical systems
patent, August 2013

Cheben, Pavel; Bock, Przemek J.; Schmid, Jens
US Patent Document 8,503,839
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8503839

Optical fiber sensor with light absorbing moisture-sensitive coating
patent, January 1990

Peterson, Steven H.; Pebler, Alfred R.; Sadhir, Rajender K.
US Patent Document 4,894,532
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4894532

An investigation of an optical fibre amplifier loop for intra-cavity and ring-down cavity loss measurements
journal, June 2001

Stewart, George; Atherton, Kathryn; Yu, Hongbo
Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 12, Issue 7
https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/12/7/316

Near-infrared absorption detection in picolitre liquid volumes using amplified fibre loop ring-down detection
journal, December 2013

Andrews, Nicholas L. P.; Litman, Jessica; Stroh, Daniel
Optical Fiber Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 6
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2013.07.012

Active in-fiber optic components powered by in-fiber light
patent, March 2008

Chen, Peng
US Patent Document 7,349,600
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7349600

Optical Waveguide With Reflector
patent-application, May 2010

Seigler, ichael Allen; Ma, Changbao
US Patent Application 12/270028; 20100119194
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20100119194

Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
journal, March 2010

Waechter, Helen; Litman, Jessica; Cheung, Adrienne
Sensors, Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 1716-1742
https://doi.org/10.3390/s100301716

Method and system for measuring a parameter in a high temperature environment using an optical sensor
patent, May 2014

Mihailov, Stephen J.
US Patent Document 8,727,613
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8727613

Fiber optic moisture sensor with moisture-absorbing reflective target
patent, January 1987

Kirkham, Randy R.
US Patent Document 4,634,856
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4634856

Solution Process for Transparent Conductive Oxide Coatings
patent-application, November 2009

Kniajanski, Sergei; Yakimov, Aharon
US Patent Application 12/512152; 20090289235
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20090289235

Similar Records in DOE Patents and OSTI.GOV collections:

Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same

Patent Chen, Peng Kevin; Yan, Aidong; Buric, Michael P.; ...

A method of making an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes generating a laser beam comprising a plurality of ultrafast pulses, and focusing the laser beam into a core of an optical fiber to form a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spaced nanograting elements each extending substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of optical fiber. Also, an optical fiber sensor device for distributed sensing includes an optical fiber having a longitudinal axis, a core, and a nanograting structure within the core, wherein the nanograting structure includes a plurality of spacedmore » « less
Full Text Available
Optical fiber sensor having a sol-gel fiber core and a method of making

Patent Tao, Shiquan; Jindal, Rajeev; Winstead, Christopher; ...

A simple, economic wet chemical procedure is described for making sol-gel fibers. The sol-gel fibers made from this process are transparent to ultraviolet, visible and near infrared light. Light can be guided in these fibers by using an organic polymer as a fiber cladding. Alternatively, air can be used as a low refractive index medium. The sol-gel fibers have a micro pore structure which allows molecules to diffuse into the fiber core from the surrounding environment. Chemical and biochemical reagents can be doped into the fiber core. The sol-gel fiber can be used as a transducer for constructing an opticalmore » « less
Full Text Available
Ionic liquids and ionic liquid acids with high temperature stability for fuel cell and other high temperature applications, method of making and cell employing same

Patent Angell, C Austen [Mesa, AZ]; Xu, Wu [Broadview Heights, OH]; Belieres, Jean-Philippe [Chandler, AZ]; ...

Disclosed are developments in high temperature fuel cells including ionic liquids with high temperature stability and the storage of inorganic acids as di-anion salts of low volatility. The formation of ionically conducting liquids of this type having conductivities of unprecedented magnitude for non-aqueous systems is described. The stability of the di-anion configuration is shown to play a role in the high performance of the non-corrosive proton-transfer ionic liquids as high temperature fuel cell electrolytes. Performance of simple H.sub.2(g) electrolyte/O.sub.2(g) fuel cells with the new electrolytes is described. Superior performance both at ambient temperature and temperatures up to and above 200.degree.more » « less
Full Text Available
Systems having optical absorption layer for mid and long wave infrared and methods for making the same

Patent Kuzmenko, Paul J

An optical system according to one embodiment includes a substrate; and an optical absorption layer coupled to the substrate, wherein the optical absorption layer comprises a layer of diamond-like carbon, wherein the optical absorption layer absorbs at least 50% of mid wave infrared light (3-5 .mu.m wavelength) and at least 50% of long wave infrared light (8-13 .mu.m wavelength). A method for applying an optical absorption layer to an optical system according to another embodiment includes depositing a layer of diamond-like carbon of an optical absorption layer above a substrate using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, wherein the optical absorptionmore » « less
Full Text Available
System and method for monitoring a reactor system using optical fiber based sensors

Patent Chen, Peng K.; Poole, Jacob Lorenzi; Ohodnicki, Paul R.; ...

A method of monitoring operation of a reactor system includes causing a chemical reaction to occur within an assembly of the reactor system, and measuring a chemical composition of one or more reactants of the chemical reaction with spatial resolution at a plurality of points along a path within the assembly using a sensor system structured to implement distributed sensing. The sensor system includes an optical fiber sensing member provided at least partially within the assembly, wherein the optical fiber sensing member comprises a functionalized optical fiber based sensor device structured to exhibit a change in one or more opticalmore » « less
Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Method of making a distributed optical fiber sensor having enhanced Rayleigh scattering and enhanced temperature stability, and monitoring systems employing same

Abstract

Citation Formats

Method of manufacturing of diffraction grating-based optical identification element patent, August 2006

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications patent, October 2005

Polymer based distributive waveguide sensor for pressure and shear measurement patent-application, October 2005

Siloxane optical waveguides patent-application, April 2004

Optical fiber sensor patent, December 2012

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications patent-application, May 2002

Fiber optic moisture sensor patent, June 1994

Moisture sensor based on evanescent wave light scattering by porous sol-gel silica coating patent, May 2006

Fiber optic gas sensor patent, September 2010

Method and apparatus for distributed sensing utilizing optical scattering in optical waveguides patent, June 2012

Apparatus for and methods of sensing evanescent events in a fluid field patent-application, March 2003

Sensing device having a large diameter D-shaped optical waveguide patent-application, September 2004

Chemical sensor with an indicator dye patent, November 2010

Multimode long period fiber bragg grating machined by ultrafast laser direct writing patent, May 2008

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in fiber cavities journal, January 2004

Nano-size gas sensor systems patent, November 2004

Capacitive moisture-sensor patent, August 1991

Chemically Enhanced Gas-Lift for Oil and Gas Wells patent-application, July 2008

Method of determining a position of a substrate in a lithography system, substrate for use in such a method, and lithography system for carrying out such method patent, August 2018

Composite subwavelength-structured waveguide in optical systems patent, August 2013

Optical fiber sensor with light absorbing moisture-sensitive coating patent, January 1990

An investigation of an optical fibre amplifier loop for intra-cavity and ring-down cavity loss measurements journal, June 2001

Near-infrared absorption detection in picolitre liquid volumes using amplified fibre loop ring-down detection journal, December 2013

Active in-fiber optic components powered by in-fiber light patent, March 2008

Optical Waveguide With Reflector patent-application, May 2010

Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy journal, March 2010

Method and system for measuring a parameter in a high temperature environment using an optical sensor patent, May 2014

Fiber optic moisture sensor with moisture-absorbing reflective target patent, January 1987

Solution Process for Transparent Conductive Oxide Coatings patent-application, November 2009

Method of manufacturing of diffraction grating-based optical identification element
patent, August 2006

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications
patent, October 2005

Polymer based distributive waveguide sensor for pressure and shear measurement
patent-application, October 2005

Siloxane optical waveguides
patent-application, April 2004

Optical fiber sensor
patent, December 2012

Inorganic/block copolymer-dye composites and dye doped mesoporous materials for optical and sensing applications
patent-application, May 2002

Fiber optic moisture sensor
patent, June 1994

Moisture sensor based on evanescent wave light scattering by porous sol-gel silica coating
patent, May 2006

Fiber optic gas sensor
patent, September 2010

Method and apparatus for distributed sensing utilizing optical scattering in optical waveguides
patent, June 2012

Apparatus for and methods of sensing evanescent events in a fluid field
patent-application, March 2003

Sensing device having a large diameter D-shaped optical waveguide
patent-application, September 2004

Chemical sensor with an indicator dye
patent, November 2010

Multimode long period fiber bragg grating machined by ultrafast laser direct writing
patent, May 2008

Cavity-enhanced spectroscopy in fiber cavities
journal, January 2004

Nano-size gas sensor systems
patent, November 2004

Capacitive moisture-sensor
patent, August 1991

Chemically Enhanced Gas-Lift for Oil and Gas Wells
patent-application, July 2008

Method of determining a position of a substrate in a lithography system, substrate for use in such a method, and lithography system for carrying out such method
patent, August 2018

Composite subwavelength-structured waveguide in optical systems
patent, August 2013

Optical fiber sensor with light absorbing moisture-sensitive coating
patent, January 1990

An investigation of an optical fibre amplifier loop for intra-cavity and ring-down cavity loss measurements
journal, June 2001

Near-infrared absorption detection in picolitre liquid volumes using amplified fibre loop ring-down detection
journal, December 2013

Active in-fiber optic components powered by in-fiber light
patent, March 2008

Optical Waveguide With Reflector
patent-application, May 2010

Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
journal, March 2010

Method and system for measuring a parameter in a high temperature environment using an optical sensor
patent, May 2014

Fiber optic moisture sensor with moisture-absorbing reflective target
patent, January 1987

Solution Process for Transparent Conductive Oxide Coatings
patent-application, November 2009