Crystal detectors in particle physics
- California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States)
The authors review the principal characteristics driving the design of precision calorimeters composed of inorganic crystal scintillators now in operation (L3, CLEO 2) or developed for the next generation of particle physics experiments. The unique discovery potential of these detectors (1.5 to 50 m{sup 3} of crystals; 10{sup 4} to > 10{sup 5} elements) is the result of their high electron and photon energy resolution over a wide energy range, uniform hermetic acceptance and fine granularity. Experiments at CERN`s multi-TeV Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will search for the Higgs particles thought to be responsible for mass, and for many other new physics processes. In order to exploit the intrinsically high resolution of crystal detectors, exceptionally high speed (1 to 30 ns decay time) and radiation resistance are required. BaF{sub 2} and CeF{sub 3} are currently the preferred choices, and higher density alternatives such as PbWO{sub 4} are under investigation. Lower energy, high luminosity experiments that will measure rare particle decays, and explore the violation of the fundamental ``CP`` symmetry that may be related to the predominance of matter over antimatter in their universe, have chosen Cesium Iodide for its combination of high light output, speed, and radiation resistance. Recent developments by Caltech include the use of photons generated by an H{sup {minus}} beam from an RFQ accelerator to calibrate and provide sub-percent resolution in the L3 BGO calorimeter, and an in situ optical bleaching technique that renders large BaF{sub 2} crystals now mass produced in China radiation hard up to dose levels {approx_gt} 10 MegaRads. 65 refs.
- DOE Contract Number:
- FG03-92ER40701
- OSTI ID:
- 79841
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-940411-; ISBN 1-55899-248-0; TRN: 95:016617
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: Spring meeting of the Materials Research Society (MRS), San Francisco, CA (United States), 4-8 Apr 1994; Other Information: PBD: 1994; Related Information: Is Part Of Scintillator and phosphor materials. Materials Research Society symposium proceedings: Volume 348; Weber, M.J. [ed.] [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)]; Lecoq, P. [ed.] [Centre European pour la Recherche Nucleaire, Geneva (Switzerland)]; Ruchti, R.C. [ed.] [Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)]; Woody, C. [ed.] [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)]; Yen, W.M. [ed.] [Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)]; Zhu, R.Y. [ed.] [California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA (United States)]; PB: 580 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
INCLUDING NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE DETECTORS
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
SHOWER COUNTERS
INORGANIC PHOSPHORS
DESIGN
ACCELERATORS
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS
BARIUM FLUORIDES
CERIUM FLUORIDES
TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
LEAD COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
PERFORMANCE
ENERGY RESOLUTION
READOUT SYSTEMS
CALIBRATION
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES