In vitro percutaneous absorption of cadmium from water and soil into human skin

Journal Article · Wed Jul 01 00:00:00 EDT 1992 · Fundamental and Applied Toxicology; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(92)90021-9· OSTI ID:7175287

Wester, R C; Maibach, H I; Sedik, L; Melendres, J; DiZio, S; Wade, M ^[1]

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1. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco (United States)

The objective was to determine percutaneous absorption of cadmium as the chloride salt from water and soil into and through human skin. Soil (Yolo County 65-California-57-8) was passed through 10-, 20-, and 48-mesh sieves. Soil retained by 80 mesh was mixed with radioactive cadmium-109 at 13 ppb. Water solutions of cadmium-109 at 116 ppb were prepared for comparative analysis. Human cadaver skin was dermatomed to 500-microns, and used in glass diffusion cells with human plasma as the receptor fluid (3 ml/hr flow rate) for a 16-hr skin application time. Cadmium in water (5 microliters/cm2) penetrated skin to concentrations of 8.8 +/- 0.6 and 12.7 +/- 11.7% of the applied dose from two human skin sources. Percentage doses absorbed into plasma were 0.5 +/- 0.2 and 0.6 +/- 0.6%, respectively. Cadmium from soil (0.04 g soil/cm2) penetrated skin at concentrations of 0.06 +/- 0.02 and 0.13 +/- 0.05% for the two human skin sources. Amounts absorbed into plasma were 0.01 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.03%. Most of the nonabsorbed cadmium was recovered in the soap and water skin surface wash. Binding of cadmium from water to soil was greater than binding from water to powdered human stratum corneum, supporting the lower absorption from soil than from water. Short-term exposure of cadmium in water to human skin for 30 min (bath or swim) resulted in skin uptake, which upon further perfusion (48 hr), absorbed into the plasma receptor fluid (systemic). Cadmium in soil was increased from 6.5 to 65 ppb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• OSTI ID: 7175287
• Journal Information: Fundamental and Applied Toxicology; (United States), Vol. 19:1; ISSN 0272-0590
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
CADMIUM
SKIN ABSORPTION
CADMIUM 109
IN VITRO
LAND POLLUTION
MAN
SOILS
TRACER TECHNIQUES
WATER POLLUTION
ABSORPTION
ANIMALS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
CADMIUM ISOTOPES
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ELEMENTS
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
METALS
NUCLEI
POLLUTION
PRIMATES
RADIOISOTOPES
SORPTION
UPTAKE
VERTEBRATES
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology